A new Valorization Route of Petrochemical Wastewater: Recovery of Phenolic Derivatives and their Subsequent Application in a PP Matrix for the Improvement of their Durability in Multiple Applications

Hernández‐Fernández, Joaquín; Marulanda, Karen; Puello-Polo, Esneyder

doi:10.1007/s10924-023-02764-7

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…A significant decrease in catalyst activity was observed, with acetate having the main responsibility for this reduction, followed to a lesser extent by the presence of acetone and an even lesser extent by the influence of methanol [16,17]. In this context, it is relevant to highlight that methanol, acetone, and acetate are not the only compounds in the polymerization process that can affect the final result [18][19][20][21][22][23]. The inorganic compound hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) has a differentiated impact compared to methanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Reactivity of Methanol and Hydrogen Sulfide Residues with the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst during Polypropylene Synthesis and Its Effects on Polymer Properties

Hernández-Fernández,

González-Cuello,

Ortega-Toro

2023

Polymers

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The study focused on the evaluation of the influence of inhibitory compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methanol (CH3OH) on the catalytic productivity and properties of the polymers in the polymerization process with the Ziegler–Natta catalyst. The investigation involved experimental measurements, computational calculations using DFT, and analysis of various parameters, such as molecular weight, melt flow index, xylene solubility, and reactivity descriptors. The results revealed a clear correlation between the concentration of H2S and methanol and the parameters evaluated. Increasing the H2S concentrations, on average by 0.5 and 1.0 ppm, resulted in a drastic decrease in the polymer’s molecular weight. A directly proportional relationship was observed between the flow rate and the H2S concentration. In the case of methanol, the change occurred from 60 ppm, causing a sharp decrease in the molecular weight of the polymer, which translates into an increase in the fluidity index and a decrease in solubility in xylene. The presence of these inhibitors also affected the catalytic activity, causing a reduction in the productivity of the Ziegler–Natta catalyst. Computational calculations provided a deeper understanding of the molecular behavior and reactivity of the studied compounds. The computational calculations yielded significantly lower results compared to other studies, with values of −69.0 and −43.9 kcal/mol for the Ti-CH3OH and H2S interactions, respectively. These results indicate remarkable stability in the studied interactions and suggest that both adsorptions are highly favorable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Reactivity of Methanol and Hydrogen Sulfide Residues with the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst during Polypropylene Synthesis and Its Effects on Polymer Properties

Hernández-Fernández,

González-Cuello,

Ortega-Toro

2023

Polymers

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Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer

2023

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The copolymer synthesis process can be affected by failures in the production process or by contaminating compounds such as ketones, thiols, and gases, among others. These impurities act as an inhibiting agent of the Ziegler–Natta (ZN) catalyst affecting its productivity and disturbing the polymerization reaction. In this work, the effect of formaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde on the ZN catalyst and the way in which it affects the final properties of the ethylene-propylene copolymer is presented by analyzing 30 samples with different concentrations of the mentioned aldehydes along with three control samples. It was determined that the presence of formaldehyde 26 ppm, propionaldehyde 65.2 ppm, and butyraldehyde 181.2 ppm considerably affect the productivity levels of the ZN catalyst; this effect increases as the concentration of aldehydes is higher in the process; likewise, these impurities affect the properties of the final product, such as the fluidity index (MFI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), bending, tension, and impact, which leads to a polymer with low-quality standards and less resistance to breakage. The computational analysis showed that the complexes formed by formaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde with the active center of the catalyst are more stable than those obtained by the ethylene-Ti and propylene-Ti complexes, presenting values of −40.5, −47.22, −47.5, −5.2 and −1.3 kcal mol−1 respectively.

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A new Valorization Route of Petrochemical Wastewater: Recovery of Phenolic Derivatives and their Subsequent Application in a PP Matrix for the Improvement of their Durability in Multiple Applications

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Evaluation of the Reactivity of Methanol and Hydrogen Sulfide Residues with the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst during Polypropylene Synthesis and Its Effects on Polymer Properties

Evaluation of the Reactivity of Methanol and Hydrogen Sulfide Residues with the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst during Polypropylene Synthesis and Its Effects on Polymer Properties

Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer

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