A new understanding of enteroaggregative<i>Escherichia coli</i>as an inflammatory pathogen

Boll, Erik J.; McCormick, Beth A.

doi:10.4161/cam.21241

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies suggested that sepA is a valuable identification marker for virulent EAEC [18,29]. This study identified less distribution of sepA in EAEC isolates from Thailand compared to previous studies [28,29].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

“…Therefore, the contribution of sepA to EAEC virulence should not be overlooked. Pic was related to a Shigella mucinase originally described in EAEC, S. flexneri 2a, and uropathogenic E. coli, that mediates penetration and enhances host inflammatory responses [18,26]. Pic was significantly associated with EAEC infection as a single pathogen in prolonged diarrhea as compared to acute diarrhea in Peruvian children [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanisms of EAEC pathogenesis were reported as 1) adherence to the intestinal mucosa, 2) expression and release of enterotoxins and cytotoxins, and 3) subsequent host mucosal inflammation [18][19][20]. Adherence is mediated in part by aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAF) variants I-IV [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and Molecular Characterization of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolated from Children in A Case-control Study of Acute Diarrhea in Thailand

Serichantalergs¹,

Bodhidatta²,

Nobthai³

et al. 2017

Clin Microbiol

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and Molecular Characterization of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolated from Children in A Case-control Study of Acute Diarrhea in Thailand

Serichantalergs¹,

Bodhidatta²,

Nobthai³

et al. 2017

Clin Microbiol

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“…The annual incidence of EAEC infections ranges from 0.1 to 12 cases per 100 000 population. EAEC-mediated extra-intestinal disease was first reported by Erik and colleagues in 2012 (Boll, 2012). EAEC has virulence factors that can cause symptomatic UTI (Herzog et al, 2013;Olesen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent urinary tract infection due to co‐infection with extended spectrum β‐lactamase‐producer uropathogenic Escherichia coli and enteroaggregative E. coli

et al. 2014

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Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections in women of all ages. The emergence of resistance to newer classes of antibiotics, including third generation cephalosporins, has limited the drug choices for treatment of UTI. We report here a recurrent UTI due to co-infection with multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Escherichia coli pathotypes.Case presentation: A 73-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus type 2 presented with fever, nausea, vomiting, burning sensation, painful and frequent urination. She was diagnosed with recurrent UTI (RUTI) due to co-infection with pansensitive enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and MAR extended spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and treated with azithromycin and levofloxacin (each for 10 days). Unfortunately, she did not respond. Plasmid profile analysis showed that the MAR E. coli strain harboured multiple plasmids including ,38 and ,80 MDa plasmids. PCR for detection of b-lactamase genes showed that the isolate was negative for blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA and blaCTX-M. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of co-infection with an EAEC and MAR ESBL-producer UPEC in Bangladesh. Conclusion:We recommend that all pathotypes of E. coli as well as the other more common uropathogens should be considered in the diagnosis of RUTI and multiple antibiotics should be prescribed only in severe conditions.

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“…There is a possible relationship between the maintenance of specific antibody response post immunization with inactivated whole-cell E. coli mixture and B cell mediated memory response to challenge with living bacteria [ 21 , 24 ]. This is evident in our study where, stimulation of the immune response via immunization with combined vaccine containing inactivated whole-cells of the five main E. coli pathotypes led to production of specific IgG in immunized mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of safe, effective and immunogenic vaccine candidate for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli main pathotypes in a mouse model

et al. 2016

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BackgroundEnteric and diarrheal diseases are important causes of childhood death in the developing world. These diseases are responsible for more than 750 thousand deaths in children under 5 years old worldwide, ranking second cause of death, after lower respiratory diseases, in this age group. Among the major causative agents of diarrhea is Escherichia coli. There are several vaccine trials for diarrheagenic E. coli. However, diarrheagenic E. coli has seven pathotypes and vaccines are directed for one or two of the five main pathotypes-causing diarrhea. Currently, there are no combined vaccines available in the market for all five diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes. Therefore, we aimed to develop a low-cost vaccine candidate combining the five main diarrheagenic E. coli to offer wide-spectrum protection. We formulated a formalin-killed whole-cell mixture of enteroaggregative, enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, enterohemorrhagic, and enterotoxigenic E. coli pathotypes as a combined vaccine candidate.ResultsWe immunized Balb/C mice subcutaneously with 109 CFU of combined vaccine candidate and found a significant increase in survival rate post challenge compared to unimmunized controls (100 % survival). Next we aimed to determine the immunological response of mice to the combined vaccine candidate compared to each pathotype immunization. To do so, we immunized mice groups with combined vaccine candidate and monitored biomarkers levels over 6 weeks as well as measured responses post challenge with relevant living E. coli. We found significant increase in specific systemic antibodies (IgG), interferon gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels elicited by combined vaccine candidate especially in the first 2 weeks after mice immunization compared to controls (p < 0.05). We also evaluated alum and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as potential adjuvant systems for our candidate vaccine. We found that CTB-adjuvanted combined vaccine candidate showed significantly higher IgG and IFNγ levels than alum.ConclusionsOverall, our combined vaccine candidate offered protection against the five main diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes in a single vaccine using mouse model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first combined vaccine against the five main diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes that is cost-effective with promise for further testing in humans.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-016-1891-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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A new understanding of enteroaggregativeEscherichia colias an inflammatory pathogen

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Distribution and Molecular Characterization of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolated from Children in A Case-control Study of Acute Diarrhea in Thailand

Distribution and Molecular Characterization of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolated from Children in A Case-control Study of Acute Diarrhea in Thailand

Recurrent urinary tract infection due to co‐infection with extended spectrum β‐lactamase‐producer uropathogenic Escherichia coli and enteroaggregative E. coli

Development of safe, effective and immunogenic vaccine candidate for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli main pathotypes in a mouse model

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