A new threat from an old enemy: Re‑emergence of coronavirus (Review)

Docea, Anca Oana; Tsatsakis, Aristidis; Albulescu, Dana Maria; Cristea, Oana Mariana; Zlatian, Ovidiu; Vinceti, Marco; Moschos, Sterghios A.; Tsoukalas, Dimitris; Γούμενου, Μαρίνα; Drakoulis, Nikolaos; Dumanov, Josef M.; Tutelyan, V A; Onischenko, G. G.; Aschner, Michael; Spandidos, Demetrios A.; Calina, Daniela

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4555

Cited by 186 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…SARS-COV-2: a brief summary. SARS-cOV-2 is part of the coronavirus family, as is SARS-coV-1 (which generated the 2003 SARS epidemic) and MERS-coV (which generated the MERS epidemic in 2013) (47).…”

Section: The Development Of a Covid-19 Vaccine: Current Trends And Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards effective COVID‑19 vaccines: Updates, perspectives and challenges (Review)

et al. 2020

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In the current context of the pandemic triggered by SARS-cOV-2, the immunization of the population through vaccination is recognized as a public health priority. In the case of SARS-cOV-2, the genetic sequencing was done quickly, in one month. Since then, worldwide research has focused on obtaining a vaccine. This has a major economic impact because new technological platforms and advanced genetic engineering procedures are required to obtain a cOVId-19 vaccine. The most difficult scientific challenge for this future vaccine obtained in the laboratory is the proof of clinical safety and efficacy. The biggest challenge of manufacturing is the construction and validation of production platforms capable of making the vaccine on a large scale.

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Section: The Development Of a Covid-19 Vaccine: Current Trends And Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards effective COVID‑19 vaccines: Updates, perspectives and challenges (Review)

et al. 2020

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“…In Europe there was a higher rate of severe cases in Italy (5,6) where 12% of positive patients were admitted to IcU vs. 5% in china; this difference was attributed to a higher proportion of elderly and increased social contact (7,8). Data from Germany (9) showed that ~1/3 of admitted patients had leucopenia and most of these (80%) had lymphopenia; c-reactive protein (cRP) was often increased and very high cRPs were associated with a less favorable outcome for the patient.…”

Section: Clinical Aspects Of Covid-19 Infections; Acute Respiratory Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dissection of SARS‑CoV2 with clinical implications (Review)

Stancioiu¹,

Papadakis

Kteniadakis

et al. 2020

Int J Mol Med

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We are being confronted with the most consequential pandemic since the Spanish flu of 1918-1920 to the extent that never before have 4 billion people quarantined simultaneously; to address this global challenge we bring to the forefront the options for medical treatment and summarize SARS-coV2 structure and functions, immune responses and known treatments. Based on literature and our own experience we propose new interventions, including the use of amiodarone, simvastatin, pioglitazone and curcumin. In mild infections (sore throat, cough) we advocate prompt local treatment for the naso-pharynx (inhalations; aerosols; nebulizers); for moderate to severe infections we propose a tried-and-true treatment: the combination of arginine and ascorbate, administered orally or intravenously. The material is organized in three sections: i) Clinical aspects of COVID-19; acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARdS); known treatments; ii) Structure and functions of SARS-coV2 and proposed antiviral drugs; iii) The combination of arginine-ascorbate. Contents 1. Clinical aspects of COVID-19 infections; acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARdS); known and potential treatments 2. SARS-coV2 molecules and proposed antiviral drugs 3. The combination of arginine-ascorbate

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“…Clinically, infection with a coronavirus can be either asymptomatic or present with respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI), and neurological symptoms [ 7 ]. Four HCoVs, namely 229E, OC43, HKU1, NL63, are not considered to be very pathogenic [ 8 , 9 ], while the rest, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have caused two epidemics so far [ 8 , 10 – 12 ], and the novel SARS-CoV-2 caused the current pandemic [ 13 – 16 ]; all these viral strands can lead to acute respiratory failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Possible Routes of SARS-COV-2 Invasion into the Central Nervous System

Lima

Siokas

Aloizou

et al. 2020

Curr Treat Options Neurol

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Purpose of Review To describe the possible neuroinvasion pathways of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the Coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) pandemic. Recent Findings We present data regarding the family of Coronaviruses (CoVs) and the central nervous system (CNS), and describe parallels between SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the family, which have been investigated in more depth and combine these findings with the recent advancements regarding SARS-CoV-2. Summary SARS-CoV-2 like other CoVs is neuroinvasive, neurotropic and neurovirulent. Two main pathways of CNS penetration seem to be the strongest candidates, the hematogenous and the neuronal. Τhe olfactory route in particular appears to play a significant role in neuroinvasion of coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, as well. However, existing data suggest that other routes, involving the nasal epithelium in general, lymphatic tissue and the CSF may also play roles in SARS-CoV-2 invasion into the CNS.

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A new threat from an old enemy: Re‑emergence of coronavirus (Review)

Cited by 186 publications

References 104 publications

Towards effective COVID‑19 vaccines: Updates, perspectives and challenges (Review)

Towards effective COVID‑19 vaccines: Updates, perspectives and challenges (Review)

A dissection of SARS‑CoV2 with clinical implications (Review)

Unraveling the Possible Routes of SARS-COV-2 Invasion into the Central Nervous System

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