Benzothieno[3,benzothiophene (BTBT) derivatives are widely employed as hole transport materials in organic field-effect transistors. The electronic properties of these 2 materials depend critically on the crystal packing, which depends on its turn on the choice of the attached functional group. With symmetrically attached alcohol chains the structure may display different packing modes depending on the number of CH2 groups in the alkyl chain. The dipentanol BTBT derivative has two polymorphs I and II, crystallizing from different solvents, with distinct packing modes and consequently different electronic properties. Whereas the conformational changes are very small between I and II and the hydrogen bonding networks in the structures are identical, the adjacent BTBT cores are differently shifted and oriented with respect to each other. It is shown by Density Functional Theory that polymorph I having unfavorable electronic properties is slightly more stable than polymorph II. This is caused by the much more attractive cross stacking between BTBT cores and C5OH chains in I than in II. The stacking in II originates rather from electrostatic interactions between the BTBT cores. The differences and resemblances with the packing modes of the di-butanol and di-hexanol derivatives are discussed. Both polymorphic forms I and II display negative uniaxial thermal expansion, but in different directions with respect to the packing of the molecules.
SynopsisThe present study describes the packing polymorphism of a benzothienobenzothiophene derivative containing symmetric hydroxy aliphatic chains of which one form is semiconducting and the other not. Density Functional Theory and Non-Covalent Interaction calculations are used to discriminate the two forms. They are also structurally compared with very similar compounds having one methylene spacer more or less in the aliphatic chain.
IntroductionASSOCIATED CONTENT Supporting Information. Crystal structure data of BTBT-C5OH-I and BTBT-C5OH-II, packing similarities between BTBT-C5OH-I and BTBT-C5OH-II and other structures in the Cambridge Structural Database, photomicrographs of crystals of polymorph I and II, thermal expansion data of BTBT-C5-OH-I, atomic displacement plots for the low-temperature structures of I and II with atom labelling, unusual geometric observations (Mogul analysis), 6-molecules clusters for polymorph I and II used for the promolecular NCI calculations, electron density variation between BTBT-C5-OH isolated subunits (DFT calculations). Crystallographic Information Framework (CIF) files for all structural models reported in this paper have been deposited at the Cambridge Structural Database under the numbers CCDC 2059375, 2060594-2060599. These data can be obtained free of charge from The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/structures" AUTHOR INFORMATION