A new strategy to improve the water solubility of an organic fluorescent probe using silicon nanodots and fabricate two-photon SiND-ANPA-N₃ for visualizing hydrogen sulfide in living cells and onion tissues

Abstract

A water-soluble fluorescent probe based on SiNDs for H2S detection can be used in both fully aqueous media and living cells.

Fluorescence Probes for Reactive Sulfur Species in Agricultural Chemistry

“…(C) Fluorescence images of onion inner epidermal cells under different treatment conditions (blank, probe 10 , or AOA + probe 10 ). This figure was reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020 Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

“…92 Silicon nanodots (SiNDs) have excellent biocompatibility, water solubility, and dispersibility in cells, making them widely applicable for the biosensing and bioimaging of organisms. Wang et al 93 exploited the properties of SiNDs to create a "turn-on" water-soluble fluorescent probe 10 based on 1,8-naphthalimide. The water-soluble SiNDs were covalently linked with 4-azido-N-alanine-1,8-naphthalimide fluorophore to enhance the water solubility, biocompatibility, and photostability of probe 10.…”

Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Imaging Upregulated Hydrogen Sulfide Levels in Rice under Salt and Drought Stress

“…With these factors in mind, researchers have focused on fluorescent probes with fast response, ease of operation, and non-invasiveness. , An increasing number of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes with deeper tissue penetration capabilities have also been developed and successfully applied. , Most of these probes have been used for in vivo imaging in animals, − and only a small amount of them detect H 2 S in plants. − For example, Jiang et al developed a novel probe SSNIP for the detection of endogenous and exogenous sulfur levels in cells and Arabidopsis thaliana. However, these probes of H 2 S in plants have limitations, such as a short emission wavelength. , On the other hand, NIR fluorescent probes that focused on analyzing and imaging H 2 S in plants and animals are also scarce. To solve the problem, it is critical to develop probes with long emission wavelengths and the ability to detect H 2 S in the environment, plants, and animals.…”

“…However, these probes of H 2 S in plants have limitations, such as a short emission wavelength. 38,39 On the other hand, NIR fluorescent probes that focused on analyzing and imaging H 2 S in plants and animals are also scarce. To solve the problem, it is critical to develop probes with long emission wavelengths and the ability to detect H 2 S in the environment, plants, and animals.…”

“…Thus far, there are many methods used to detect H 2 S in plants, including methylene blue, electrode, ultraviolet (UV) absorption, and chromatographic methods. − However, these detection modes have limitations, such as narrow determination range, low sensitivity, complexity, and expensive instruments. With these factors in mind, researchers have focused on fluorescent probes with fast response, ease of operation, and non-invasiveness. , An increasing number of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes with deeper tissue penetration capabilities have also been developed and successfully applied. , Most of these probes have been used for in vivo imaging in animals, − and only a small amount of them detect H 2 S in plants. − For example, Jiang et al developed a novel probe SSNIP for the detection of endogenous and exogenous sulfur levels in cells and Arabidopsis thaliana. However, these probes of H 2 S in plants have limitations, such as a short emission wavelength. , On the other hand, NIR fluorescent probes that focused on analyzing and imaging H 2 S in plants and animals are also scarce.…”