A new species of Zorotypus from eastern Amazonia, Brazil (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae)

Rafael, José Albertíno; Godoi, Fabio Siqueira P.; Engel, Michael S.

doi:10.1660/0022-8443-111.3.193

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…From a morphological perspective, Embiodea was hypothesized to be either a sister group of Plecoptera [21], [31], Phasmatodea [18], [29], [90], [93]–[96], Dermaptera [84], or Zoraptera [6], [17], [24]–[27]. However, in the past several years, most results based on molecular data support the Embiodea and Phasmatodea hypothesis [9], [11], [13], [97].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most considerable change in position remains that of the Zoraptera. This order is thought to be closely related either to Paraneoptera [4], [5], [18], [19], Holometabola [20], within Dictyoptera [15], [21], [22], with Dictyoptera+Dermaptera [23], Embiodea [6], [17], [24]–[27], Dermaptera [9], [12], or alongside Plecoptera+Dermaptera [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Unique Box in 28S rRNA Is Shared by the Enigmatic Insect Order Zoraptera and Dictyoptera

et al. 2013

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The position of the Zoraptera remains one of the most challenging and uncertain concerns in ordinal-level phylogenies of the insects. Zoraptera have been viewed as having a close relationship with five different groups of Polyneoptera, or as being allied to the Paraneoptera or even Holometabola. Although rDNAs have been widely used in phylogenetic studies of insects, the application of the complete 28S rDNA are still scattered in only a few orders. In this study, a secondary structure model of the complete 28S rRNAs of insects was reconstructed based on all orders of Insecta. It was found that one length-variable region, D3-4, is particularly distinctive. The length and/or sequence of D3-4 is conservative within each order of Polyneoptera, but it can be divided into two types between the different orders of the supercohort, of which the enigmatic order Zoraptera and Dictyoptera share one type, while the remaining orders of Polyneoptera share the other. Additionally, independent evidence from phylogenetic results support the clade (Zoraptera+Dictyoptera) as well. Thus, the similarity of D3-4 between Zoraptera and Dictyoptera can serve as potentially valuable autapomorphy or synapomorphy in phylogeny reconstruction. The clades of (Plecoptera+Dermaptera) and ((Grylloblattodea+Mantophasmatodea)+(Embiodea+Phasmatodea)) were also recovered in the phylogenetic study. In addition, considering the other studies based on rDNAs, this study reached the highest congruence with previous phylogenetic studies of Holometabola based on nuclear protein coding genes or morphology characters. Future comparative studies of secondary structures across deep divergences and additional taxa are likely to reveal conserved patterns, structures and motifs that can provide support for major phylogenetic lineages.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unique Box in 28S rRNA Is Shared by the Enigmatic Insect Order Zoraptera and Dictyoptera

et al. 2013

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“…Different types of elongation of the intromittent organs are also known within Zoraptera, looped, for instance, in Z. zimmermani (Gurney, 1939) and straight in Z. barberi (Gurney, 1938). Some species possess asymmetrical genitalia (Gurney, 1938;Paulian, 1949Paulian, , 1951Hwang, 1974Hwang, , 1976Rafael & Engel, 2006;Hünefeld, 2007;Rafael et al, 2008;Mashimo et al, 2013Mashimo et al, , 2018Wang et al, 2016;Kočárek et al, 2017;Yin & Li, 2017), in some species remarkably differing in their specific features. Another conspicuously diversified character system is the structure of elements of the terminal abdominal segment, the presence or absence and size of spines and mating hooks (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of Zoraptera

Matsumura

Beutel

Rafael

et al. 2019

Systematic Entomology

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Zoraptera is one of the most enigmatic and least understood orders in insects. Based on a wide taxon sampling from all continents where the group is known, we applied a phylogenetic approach using multiple DNA sequences to elucidate species‐level relationships. The resulting phylogeny shows that Zoraptera is divided into three major clades, and that two comprise species distributed on different continents. The monophyly of these clades is at least partly supported by shared derived morphological features. The divergence age estimation and ancestral distribution area reconstruction suggest an ancient origin and early radiation initiated in the Permian. Plate tectonics theory suggests that the present distribution of Zoraptera was mainly established by vicariance, rather than dispersal. The three major clades probably originated on the Pangaea supercontinent, or alternatively on the linked Gondwana and Laurasia supercontinents. Their ancient origin explains previously found conspicuous interspecific variation of the genital apparatus, sperm structure and mating behaviour, in striking contrast to a highly conserved general body morphology. We compiled data of available reproductive features and reconstructed the character evolution. Our analyses revealed repeated acquisitions and/or losses of a hyperelongated intromittent organ, mating hooks and tergal protuberances.

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“…1). Notice that under the Linnaean approach, the ‘Archaeorthoptera’ taxon, initially conceptualized as including orthopterans and their closest stem‐relatives (Béthoux & Nel, 2002a) has been altered by Rafael et al . (2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notice that under the Linnaean approach, the 'Archaeorthoptera' taxon, Correspondence: D. Ren, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China. email: rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn initially conceptualized as including orthopterans and their closest stem-relatives (Béthoux & Nel, 2002a) has been altered by Rafael et al (2008). According to these authors this taxon is a synonym of Orthopterida, and encompasses not only total-orthopterans but also the orders Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea (among others).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Upper Carboniferous stem‐orthopteran (Insecta) from Ningxia (China)

Béthoux¹,

Gu²,

Ren³

2012

Insect Science

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During the Upper Carboniferous, orthopteran insects (grasshoppers, katydids, and crickets) were represented by numerous species distantly related to crown‐orthopterans, such as lobeattid and cnemidolestodean insects. The panorthopterans, including total‐orthopterans and their closest relatives, are represented by comparatively rarer species in localities of this period. Here we describe Heterologus duyiwuer sp. nov., an infrequent panorthopteran from the Late Carboniferous locality of Xiaheyan Village (Zhongwei City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China). The only available specimen is composed of an isolated forewing exhibiting a combination of character states previously unknown, in particular the lack of posterior radius (RP) / anterior Media (MA) connection, late branchings of the media (M) and anterior cubitus (CuA), and a branched posterior branch of the posterior cubitus (CuPb). Based on its unusual branching pattern, the composite stem resulting from the fusion of CuA and CuPaα (second anterior branch of CuP) is assumed to be composed of a branched CuA and a simple CuPaα.

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A new species of Zorotypus from eastern Amazonia, Brazil (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae)

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

A Unique Box in 28S rRNA Is Shared by the Enigmatic Insect Order Zoraptera and Dictyoptera

A Unique Box in 28S rRNA Is Shared by the Enigmatic Insect Order Zoraptera and Dictyoptera

The evolution of Zoraptera

A new Upper Carboniferous stem‐orthopteran (Insecta) from Ningxia (China)

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