A new Upper Carboniferous stem‐orthopteran (Insecta) from Ningxia (China)

Abstract

During the Upper Carboniferous, orthopteran insects (grasshoppers, katydids, and crickets) were represented by numerous species distantly related to crown‐orthopterans, such as lobeattid and cnemidolestodean insects. The panorthopterans, including total‐orthopterans and their closest relatives, are represented by comparatively rarer species in localities of this period. Here we describe Heterologus duyiwuer sp. nov., an infrequent panorthopteran from the Late Carboniferous locality of Xiaheyan Village (Zhongwei City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China). The only available specimen is composed of an isolated forewing exhibiting a combination of character states previously unknown, in particular the lack of posterior radius (RP) / anterior Media (MA) connection, late branchings of the media (M) and anterior cubitus (CuA), and a branched posterior branch of the posterior cubitus (CuPb). Based on its unusual branching pattern, the composite stem resulting from the fusion of CuA and CuPaα (second anterior branch of CuP) is assumed to be composed of a branched CuA and a simple CuPaα.

New insects from the Kungurian of Tshekarda fossil site in Permian Territory of Russiafrom Kazakhstan

“…Differs from Heterologus in having RS less abundantly branching and with more distal position of its base, in short distance between M 5 and first M fork, and in M 5 entering CuA after the second CuA fork. Heterologus has RS polyneurous and starting more basal, M long between M 5 and the first branching, M 5 entering CuA after its first and not second fork [Carpenter, 1944;Béthoux et al, 2012] DESCRIPTION. Body 17, forewing 20, hind wing 17.5 mm long.…”

Longzhua loculatan. gen. n. sp., one of the most completely documented Pennsylvanian Archaeorthoptera (Insecta; Ningxia, China)

“…Among stem-Orthoptera, in addition to the archaeorthopteran Sinopteron huangheense Prokop and Ren, 2007, Chenxiella liuae Liu, Ren, and Prokop, 2009, and Heterologus duyiwuer Béthoux, Gu, and Ren, 2012, material of several Cnemidolestodea species was collected (Prokop and Ren 2007;Liu et al 2009;Béthoux et al 2012). Besides Longzhua loculata Gu, Béthoux, and Ren, 2011, which is a putative "basal" member of the order, a new and easily identifiable species was sampled (Gu et al 2011).…”

The diversity of cimolestan mammals within the White River Group of South Dakota and Nebraska

“…Among stem-Orthoptera, in addition to the archaeorthopteran Sinopteron huangheense Prokop and Ren, 2007, Chenxiella liuae Liu, Ren, andProkop, 2009, andHeterologus duyiwuer Béthoux, Gu, andRen, 2012, material of several Cnemidolestodea species was collected (Prokop and Ren 2007;Liu et al 2009;Béthoux et al 2012). Besides Longzhua loculata Gu, Béthoux, and Ren, 2011, which is a putative "basal" member of the order, a new and easily identifiable species was sampled (Gu et al 2011).…”