A New Species of Semiarboreal Toad with a Salamander-Like Ear (Anura: Bufonidae:<i>Rhinella</i>)

Grant, Taran; Bolívar-G, Wilmar

doi:10.1655/herpetologica-d-13-00082r1

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The measurements of each egg were obtained of the maximum diameter, calculating the mean and standard deviation. Format of the description and diagnosis follows the standards of Trueb (1971), as modified by Grant (2000“1999”), and Grant and Bolívar-G. (2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Peru, the family Bufonidae has 54 species assigned to seven genera (AmphibiaWeb 2017): Amazophrynella (4), Atelopus (18), Nannophryne (2), Rhaebo (3), Rhinella (25), Truebella (2). Six similarity-defined groups within the genus Rhinella in South America are traditionally recognized based on anatomical and external characters, as follows: Rhinella acrolopha, R. crucifer , R. granulosa , R. margaritifera , R. marina , R. spinulosa and R. veraguensis groups (Martin 1972, Duellman and Schulte 1992, Grant and Bolívar-G. 2014)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grant and Bolívar-G. (2014) adopted the nomination Rhinella acrolopha group consisting of the species of the former genus Rhamphophryne , nevertheless, they did not formally propose delimitation of this species group. In a phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene of available species, Moravec et al (2014) proposed a new species-group name, Rhinella festae group, for a clade of toads containing the following seven species: R. chavin (Lehr, Köhler, Aguilar & Ponce, 2001); R. festae ; R. macrorhina ; R. manu (Chaparro, Pramuk & Gluesenkamp, 2007); R. nesiotes (Duellman & Toft, 1979); R. rostrata ; and R. yanachaga (Lehr, Pramuk, Hedges & Córdova, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene of available species, Moravec et al (2014) proposed a new species-group name, Rhinella festae group, for a clade of toads containing the following seven species: R. chavin (Lehr, Köhler, Aguilar & Ponce, 2001); R. festae ; R. macrorhina ; R. manu (Chaparro, Pramuk & Gluesenkamp, 2007); R. nesiotes (Duellman & Toft, 1979); R. rostrata ; and R. yanachaga (Lehr, Pramuk, Hedges & Córdova, 2007). This monophylum is assumed to be integrated by certain species of the R. acrolopha group and some species of the R. veraguensis group (Pramuk 2006, Chaparro et al 2007, Pramuk et al 2008, Moravec et al 2014, Grant and Bolívar-G. 2014). The Rhinella veraguensis group defined on morphological similarities by Duellman and Schulte (1992), modified by Padial et al (2006) and Chaparro et al (2007), is now recognized as a paraphyletic group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a close relationship between [ R. festae + [ R. macrorhina + R. rostrata ]] and [ R. chavin + [ R. manu + R. nesiotes ]] was uncovered by Pyron and Wiens (2011). Grant and Bolívar-G. (2014) pointed out that sequences of R. macrorhina and R. rostrata were not included into the genetic analysis made by Moravec et al (2014). However, we argue that the GenBank samples of “ R. macrorhina ” and “ R. rostrata ” used in studies of Van Bocxlaer et al (2010) and Pyron and Wiens (2011) are probably both R. macrorhina and must be carefully evaluated due to lower quality of DNA sequences (see Taxon sampling for more details).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new species of semiarboreal toad of the Rhinella festae group (Anura, Bufonidae) from the Cordillera Azul National Park, Peru

Cusi¹,

Moravec²,

Lehr³

et al. 2017

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A new semiarboreal species of the Rhinella festae group is described from montane forests of the Cordillera Azul National Park between 1245 and 1280 m a.s.l. in the Cordillera Oriental, San Martín region, northern Peru. The new species is morphologically and genetically compared with members of the Rhinella acrolopha group (former genus Rhamphophryne) and members of the R. festae group. The new species is characterized by its large size (female SVL 47.1–58.3 mm, n = 4), eight presacral vertebrae, fusion of the sacrum and coccyx, long protuberant snout, snout directed slightly anteroventral in lateral view, cranial crests moderately developed, absence of occipital crest, presence of tympanic membrane, dorsolateral rows of small conical tubercles extending from parotoid gland to groin, hands and feet with long digits, fingers basally webbed and toes moderately webbed. Phylogenetically it is a member of the R. festae group which is most closely related to R. chavin and R. yanachaga from Peru. Morphologically the new species shares similarities with R. tenrec and R. truebae, members of the R. acrolopha group from Colombia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new species of semiarboreal toad of the Rhinella festae group (Anura, Bufonidae) from the Cordillera Azul National Park, Peru

Cusi¹,

Moravec²,

Lehr³

et al. 2017

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Allometric escape from acoustic constraints is rare for frog calls

Tonini

Provete

Maciel

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Allometric constraint is a product of natural selection and physical laws, particularly with respect to body size and traits constrained by properties thereof, such as metabolism, longevity, and vocal frequency. Allometric relationships are often conserved across lineages, indicating that physical constraints dictate scaling patterns in deep time, despite substantial genetic and ecological divergence among organisms.In particular, acoustic allometry (sound frequency ~ body size) is conserved across frogs, in defiance of massive variation in both body size and frequency. Here, we ask how many instances of allometric escape have occurred across the frog tree of life using a Bayesian framework that estimates the location, number, and magnitude of shifts in the adaptive landscape of acoustic allometry. Moreover, we test whether ecology in terms of calling site could affect these relationships. We find that calling site has a major influence on acoustic allometry. Despite this, we identify only four major instances of allometric escape, potentially deriving from ecomorphological adaptations to new signal modalities. In these instances of allometric escape, the optima and strength of the scaling relationship are different than expected for most other frog species, representing new adaptive regimes of body size ~ call frequency.Allometric constraints on frog calls are highly conserved and have rarely allowed escape, despite frequent invasions of new adaptive regimes and dramatic ecomorphological divergence. Our results highlight the rare instances in which natural and sexual selection combined can overcome physical constraints on sound production. K E Y W O R D S adaptive evolution, advertisement call, anurans, evolution, phylogenetic comparative methods | 3687 TONINI eT al. S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section. How to cite this article: Tonini JFR, Provete DB, Maciel NM, et al. Allometric escape from acoustic constraints is rare for frog calls.

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Can Anyone Climb? The Skills of a Non-specialized Toad and its Bearing on the Evolution of New Niches

et al. 2021

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Several studies of arboreal anuran species show morphological specializations for clinging onto narrow substrates. However, little is known about these capacities in non-specialized anurans, which is crucial to understand the initial phases of adaptation to a new niche. To assess the functional requirements related to the evolution of arboreality in anurans we analyzed climbing performance, and correlated anatomical traits, in the terrestrial toad Rhinella arenarum, a species choose as a proxy for the ancestral condition regarding the evolution of this specialized niche. We studied the impact of a substrate of wooden rods with different diameters, arrangements, and slopes on locomotion, grasping, and climbing with a comparative framework. Animals were confronted with climbing tests, video recording their behaviors. Preserved specimens were dissected to assess limb myology, osteology, and tendons' characteristics. Our results show that how terrestrial toad R. arenarum climbs is different from those displayed by specialized tree frogs. Animals flexed their fingers and toes, grasping the substrate displaying hookings and partial graspings. The palm was scarcely involved in the grip, as in specialized anurans. These actions were performed although flexor and extensor muscles of the digits are highly conserved and generalized. Further, we formally assess the evolutionary history of ecological and anatomical traits related to climbing among Rhinella species to improving the comprehension of the relation between morphofunctional patterns and behavioral climbing skills. Our experiments revealed that this terrestrial toad possesses unexpected climbing capacities, suggesting a way in which evolution of new niches could have developed in the evolution of anurans.

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A New Species of Semiarboreal Toad with a Salamander-Like Ear (Anura: Bufonidae:Rhinella)

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

A new species of semiarboreal toad of the Rhinella festae group (Anura, Bufonidae) from the Cordillera Azul National Park, Peru

A new species of semiarboreal toad of the Rhinella festae group (Anura, Bufonidae) from the Cordillera Azul National Park, Peru

Allometric escape from acoustic constraints is rare for frog calls

Can Anyone Climb? The Skills of a Non-specialized Toad and its Bearing on the Evolution of New Niches

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