A new species ofPhrynoglossusPeters, 1867; Dicroglossidae) from southeastern Bangladesh, with comments on the generaOccidozygaandPhrynoglossus

Abstract

We describe a new cryptic species of Phrynoglossus from Chattogram Division, Bangladesh based on an integrative taxonomic analysis based on morphology, phylogenetics, and bioacoustics which unambiguously support the placement of the species in the genus Phrynoglossus. We also present a compilation of published morphological characters for all twelve Phrynoglossus species and two species of Occidozyga as well as comments on taxonomy, morphology, and geographic distribution for the two genera. The new species is found to be most morphologically similar to P. martensii, however a provided set of character states visibly differentiates these two species. Finally, habitat for Phrynoglossus swanbornorum sp. nov. is highly fragmented and faces imminent threats from development and agriculture, and although it is confirmed to occur within government protected areas in the southeastern region of Bangladesh, few wildlife regulations are enforced within them. Thus, following IUCN criteria, we consider the new species as Endangered based on criteria B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv) + 2ab(i,ii,iii,iv).

Taxonomic clarifications on the floating frogs (Anura: Dicroglossidae: Occidozyga sensu lato) in southeastern China

“…Nevertheless, these records were majorly based on early morphological identifications. Their current taxonomic statuses are unresolved after the dramatic taxonomic changes mentioned above, especially for their phylogenetic relationships as samples from this region Müller 1878;Stejneger 1925;Wu 1929;Pope 1931;Smith 1931;Liu & Hu 1961;Fei et al 1990Fei et al , 2009Fei et al , 2010Fei et al , 2012 this study Rana rhacoda Iskandar 1998;Iskandar et al 2011;Eto & Matsui 2012Matsui et al 2021Köhler et al 2021;Trageser et al 2021 Oxyglossus laevis…”

“…Occidozyga Phrynoglossus Frethia VI: Frethia Günther 1858 ;Inger 1954;Iskandar 1998;Iskandar et al 2011;Trageser et al 2021 were seldom included in such recent publications (Zug et al 2018;Chan et al 2020;Flury et al 2021;Köhler et al 2021;Trageser et al 2021). In this work, we perform morphological examinations and phylogenetic analyses on these two recorded floating frogs from southeastern China, to clarify their current taxonomic placements.…”

“…These frogs usually inhabit wetlands such as paddy fields, natural or artificial ponds, ditches, and even small temporary puddles, thus most of the species are also known as " floating frogs" or "puddle frogs". Due to their morphological similarities, the taxonomy of these frogs was in prolonged controversy, especially for the membership of its type genus Occidozyga Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822(Stoliczka 1872Boulenger 1882;Smith 1931;Dubois 1981Dubois , 1987Inger 1996;Frost et al 2006;Fei et al 2010;Pyron & Wiens 2011;Dubois et al 2021;Flury et al 2021;Köhler et al 2021;Trageser et al 2021;Frost 2022; summarized in Table 1 in this study).…”

“…Genetic distances based on 16S gene among samples were calculated in MEGA 6 using the uncorrected p-distance model. Taylor 1962;Inger 1966;Iskandar et al 2011;Poyarkov 2020;Köhler et al 2021;Trageser et al 2021 Ooeidozyga celebensis…”

“…Chan (2013) suggested the cryptic diversity within O. lima based on phylogeny but did not carry out corresponding taxonomic revision. O. martensii is revealed to be a species complex, and two populations from Myanmar and Bangladesh have been described as new species respectively (Köhler et al 2021;Trageser et al 2021). Matsui et al (2021) described a new species O. berbeza which is suggested phylogenetically close to O. martensii and O. lima, while this species is confused with another congener O. rhacoda (Frost 2022).…”