A new single molecular precursor route to fluorine-doped nanocrystalline tin oxide anodes for lithium batteries

Fluoride based electrode materials for advanced energy storage devices

“…In light of the cation vacancies, many MeF 3 materials support intercalation, thereby forming Li x MeF 3 compounds as was demonstrated by Arai et al for TiF 3 , FeF 3 , and VF 3 [134]. It was later found that the MeF x compounds supported a 1e À intercalation region followed by the 2e À conversion reaction resulting in the following (6) [135,136]:…”

“…The fluorine was either introduced into the bulk of the oxide-based materials by substitution of fluorine for oxygen throughout the entire lattice, or limited to the surface of materials via surface fluorination. Although fluorine doping was also applied to conversion materials such as tin oxide [6][7][8], we will limit ourselves to the review of intercalation materials doped with fluorine and its subsequent effect on materials electrochemical properties. We will also take a close look at novel fluoride-based intercalation materials such as fluorophosphates and LiAMF 6 compounds.…”

Nanocomposite SnO2–Se thin film as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

“…On the other hand, Xie et al have reported that the diffusion coefficients D Li values are 10 À15 e10 À13 cm 2 s À1 for SnO 2 films by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and suggest that Li-ion diffusion kinetics can be further enhanced by the introduction of other phases into tin oxide thin films [12]. Element doping, such as Zn [13], Sb [14] and F [15], into those nanostructured tin oxides have been confirmed as an effective way. These doped elements could lead to the formation of finer surface morphology and smaller crystallite size, which would provide more reaction sites and facilitate the diffusion of Li, and made it more capable of accommodating the volume changes in cycling.…”

Fluorine-doped nanocrystalline SnO2 powders prepared via a single molecular precursor method as anode materials for Li-ion batteries

“…Many studies have been devoted to the improvement of both electrochemical performance and stability of SnO 2 -based materials [9,10]. One of the strategies to improve the conductivity and electrochemical reversibility is doping the SnO 2 -graphite composite with Cl, Sb, Mo or F atoms [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Among these elements, the fluorine is known to be the most efficient doping agent for SnO 2 to achieve the highest electrical conductivity, i.e.…”