A new shared AWG-based OCDMA scheme implemented with time-spreading and wavelength-group-hopping embedded M-sequence code

Influence of Code Size Variation on the Performance of 2D Hybrid ZCC/MD in OCDMA System

“…The 2D OCDMA depicts an enhanced performance compared to 1D OCDMA system in term of low power lost, high cardinality, minimum cross-correlation, high data rate and high autocorrelation with side [8] Several challenges affect the performance of OCDMA system in the implementation level [9][10]. The main challenges are due to the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) of the overlapping chips and Phase Induced Intensity Noise (PIIN) where PIIN is due to the desired signal mixed with the unwanted signal simultaneously at the same wavelength incident on the same photo-detector [11][12]. In the other side, an important factor can be impact the performance of OCDMA system is the code length where it represents one of the essential characteristic to design the system [13][14].…”

Phase-induced intensity noise suppression wavelength-time modified double weight codes optical code division multiple access systems

“…Various alternative approaches in OCDMA have been proposed to overcome PIIN reduction and improved system performance [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The 2-D Hybrid Codes with suppressed PIN and MAI cancelation [6], Zou Wei et al and Ghafouri Shiraz et al [7] introduced fixed in-phase spectral cross-correlation equal to one spectral coding, 2-D Perfect Difference Code (PDC) suppressed PIIN and eliminate MAI [8], 2-D Modified Quadratic Congruence (MQC) Code with fixed crosscorrelation resulted in complete elimination of MAI by differential detection [9] and 2-D M-sequence code spread in the wavelength domain and spread in the time domain using optical delay lines [10].…”

Adaptive modified time-spreading and wavelength-group-hopping embedded M-sequence code for improved confidentiality over synchronous networks

“…In the current study, in order to significantly increase the cardinality, the major difference is that the modified prime code pattern is employed as signal address code in the time-spreading and wavelength-hopping domain to replace the prime code pattern, which is only employed in the time domain as in Ref. 21. Hence, extending the previous work and adopting a similar approach, this study proposes a two-dimensional modified time-spreading/wavelength-group-hopping embedded M-sequence code (hereafter referred to as modified TS/WGH embedded M-sequence code) for synchronous networks to improve the previous TS/group-hopping (TS/GH) embedded M-sequence code scheme for cardinality, BER, and confidentiality.…”

“…Hence, extending the previous work and adopting a similar approach, this study proposes a two-dimensional modified time-spreading/wavelength-group-hopping embedded M-sequence code (hereafter referred to as modified TS/WGH embedded M-sequence code) for synchronous networks to improve the previous TS/group-hopping (TS/GH) embedded M-sequence code scheme for cardinality, BER, and confidentiality. 21 The proposed scheme is configured over an arrayed-waveguide-grating-based (AWG-based) encoder and decoder (codec) comprising a cascaded arrangement of fine and coarse AWG routers together with optical delay lines. Furthermore, an additional optical cross-connect (OXC) devices [22][23][24] is integrated with a code-word-changing algorithm (i.e., hereafter referred to as adaptive OXC device), which automatically triggers a change in the user code word in response to a suspected eavesdropping attack.…”

“…Furthermore, an additional optical cross-connect (OXC) devices [22][23][24] is integrated with a code-word-changing algorithm (i.e., hereafter referred to as adaptive OXC device), which automatically triggers a change in the user code word in response to a suspected eavesdropping attack. In current study, compared to conventional TDM, WDM, 1-D spectral amplitude coding (SAC) -OCDMA 25 and various 2-D time-spreading/wavelength-hopping schemes, 17,21,[26][27][28] the scheme proposed in this study improves the synchronous networks' confidentiality by increasing the user cardinality and changing the user code word on a sufficiently frequent (timely) basis.…”