A new code structure for spectral-amplitude-coding optical code-division multiple-access system based on double-weight (DW) code families is proposed. The DW code has a fixed weight of two. By using a mapping technique, codes that have a larger number of weights can be developed. Modified double-weight (MDW) code is a DW code family variation that has variable weights of greater than two. The newly proposed code possesses ideal crosscorrelation properties and exists for every natural number n. Based on theoretical analysis and simulation, MDW code is shown here to provide a much better performance compared to Hadamard and modified frequency-hopping codes.

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Abstract. Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a set of mobile nodes that communicate with each other to configure an immediate network without utilizing any of infrastructure, the centralized access point or centralized administration in multiple hop manner. There are a lot of routing protocols have been proposed in MANET which are different from each other in the performance and the mechanism. Therefore, the performance study of those protocols in different scenarios is needed. This paper presents the performance comparison between Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad hoc on demand distance Vector Routing (AODV) as reactive routing protocols and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) as a proactive routing protocol to precisely determine which protocol is more effective. Network Simulator (NS) version 2.35 has used to simulate and evaluate the performance of these protocols in terms of the packet delivery ratio, average throughput, average end-to-end delay, and packet loss ratio with respect to the variable number of nodes.