A new scyphozoan from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China

Although molecular studies estimated that cycloneuralians might have originated in the Ediacaran Period and diversified in the early Cambrian, it was not until 2014 that they were first reported from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage. To date only two species and five indeterminate forms have been described. Here, we report new three‐dimensionally phosphatized microfossils of cycloneuralians from the Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte, South China. Two new genera and species, Qinscolex spinosus gen. et sp. nov. and Shanscolex decorus gen. et sp. nov., and Indeterminate Forms 1–7 are described and tentatively assigned to total‐group Scalidophora, greatly increasing the diversity of the Fortunian cycloneuralians. These Fortunian cycloneuralians have diverse cuticular spines, plates, and spinose sclerites of various sizes on the trunk, thus assignment of co‐occurring fragmented trunk parts or disassociated spines or sclerites to a specific species is currently impossible. Some of the Fortunian cycloneuralians might have reached a centimetre in length; they may have been temporary meiobenthos in their juvenile or younger adult stages, only joining the macrobenthos when they reached macroscopic dimensions. It is proposed that an introvert with hexaradially symmetric and internally hollow scalids might be the plesiomorphic state for cycloneuralians.

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“…, ), olivooids (Liu et al . , ; Steiner et al . ), an unarmoured priapulid‐like scalidophoran (Liu et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New armoured scalidophorans (Ecdysozoa, Cycloneuralia) from the Cambrian Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte, South China

Liu

Qin

Wang

et al. 2018

Papers in Palaeontology

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“…7.1; see also Dong et al, 2013, 2016; Han et al, 2016b). This pattern is shared with Qinscyphus necopinus (Liu et al, 2017) and Sinaster petalon (Wang et al, 2017). Olivooides mirabilis Yue in Xing et al, 1983 exhibits five apical corners but only 10 apertural lobes (see Steiner et al, 2014, figs.…”

Section: Systematic Paleontologymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Quadrapyrgites P. Li et al, 2007; Sinaster Wang et al, 2017; Qinscyphus Liu et al, 2017; Octapyrgites n. gen.…”

Section: Systematic Paleontologyunclassified

A new tetraradial olivooid (Medusozoa) from the lower Cambrian (Stage 2) Yanjiahe Formation, South China

et al. 2019

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Octapyrgites elongatus n. gen. n. sp., a relatively rare, tetraradial olivooid (Cnidaria, Medusozoa), is described from Bed 5 of the Yanjiahe Formation (Cambrian Stage 2) near Yichang, China. Although similar to Olivooides and Quadrapyrgites from the Fortunian Stage in consisting of a partially corrugated (longitudinal) periderm with a quadrate (transverse) apical portion and V-shaped apertural lobes, O. elongatus is substantially larger than other olivooids. The elongate apical region of O. elongatus is similar to four-sided Anaconularia anomala (Barrande, 1867), though with a flat tip that may have been an adaption for a sessile mode of life. As in other olivooids, embryonic development in O. elongatus may have been direct. Last, the paucity of olivooids and the absence of pentaradial cnidarians and carinachitids in Cambrian Stage 2 indicate a marked decline in the disparity of cnidarians near the Fortunian–Cambrian Age 2 boundary, when by contrast bilaterians underwent rapid diversification.UUID: http://zoobank.org/60acc2f9-44f8-4a97-9449-960ad76f8fff

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“…Traditionally, finding new taxa among numerous microfossil specimens is time-consuming and labor costing, and it became lower efficient after more than 40 years of research as the gradual addition of the species menus. All-new taxon (Liu et al, 2017) in recent years and in the future have been proven very rare . While taking advantage of stable morphological profiles and extremely abundance of these microfossils, it is possible to adopt artificial intelligence to recognize and select target microfossils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence Identification of Multiple Microfossils from the Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation in Southern Shaanxi, China

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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The Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation in southern Shaanxi, China is a critical window for the understanding of the Cambrian explosion, because of abundant and various exceptionally preserved metazoans and embryo fossils yielded. The efficiency of traditional sample manually selecting with microscopes is quite low and hinder the discoveries of new species, thus recognition and classification of microfossils by artificial intelligence (AI) is substantially in the request. In this paper, we develop a procedure for fossil area segmentation in common multi‐typed mixed photos by improved watershed algorithm. And for better fossil recognition, previous histogram of oriented grandient (HOG) algorithm is replaced by scale invariant feature transform (SIFT), which is feasible for the segmented images and increase the accuracy significantly. Thus, the scope of application of AI fossil recognition can be extended form single fossil image to multi‐typed mixed images and the reliability is also secured, as the result of our test presents a high (at least 84%) accuracy of fossil recognition.

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A new scyphozoan from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

New armoured scalidophorans (Ecdysozoa, Cycloneuralia) from the Cambrian Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte, South China

New armoured scalidophorans (Ecdysozoa, Cycloneuralia) from the Cambrian Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte, South China

A new tetraradial olivooid (Medusozoa) from the lower Cambrian (Stage 2) Yanjiahe Formation, South China

Artificial Intelligence Identification of Multiple Microfossils from the Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation in Southern Shaanxi, China

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