Artificial Intelligence Identification of Multiple Microfossils from the Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation in Southern Shaanxi, China

Zhang, Tao; Wang, Bin; Li, Dedong; Niu, Ben; Sun, Jie; Sun, Yifei; Yang, Xiaoguang; Luo, Jie; Han, Jian

doi:10.1111/1755-6724.14498

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Zheng et al. (2017) reported multicellular spherical fossils with tetrad division and cellular structure, which were highly comparable to eukaryotic algae fossils from the Ediacaran Weng'an biota in Guizhou Province, South China. Nevertheless, the internal structures helpful for further biological classification were not available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Characterization of the Multicellular Membrane‐Bearing Algae From the Kuanchuanpu Biota (Cambrian: Terreneuvian)

et al. 2021

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The diversity of small shelly fossils (SSFs) demonstrates that multicellular organisms underwent large‐scale radiation at the beginning of the Cambrian, which is highlighted by the coexistence of various metazoans and the occurrence of their embryo fossils. However, little is known about early Cambrian eukaryotic multicellular algae, the primary producers that replaced oxygenic cyanobacteria and played a crucial ecological role in matter cycling and energy dynamics in marine ecosystems. In this study, hundreds of microscopic three‐dimensionally preserved multicellular aggregate fossils were obtained from the Kuanchuanpu Formation (Cambrian: Terreneuvian, ca. 535 Ma) in southern Shaanxi, South China, which consisted of several tightly packed multicellular clumps encapsulated in a thin organic membrane. Synchrotron tomography analysis further revealed that the cells of the whole aggregate, although partitioned into different clumps by a gelatinous membrane, were distinctly differentiated into an outer conical cell layer and an inner spherical‐cell layer, thus suggesting of a cortex‐medulla‐like differentiation. These characteristics resemble those of multicellular algae (e.g., Wengania, Gremiphyca, and Thallophyca) from the Weng'an biota (Ediacaran, South China) in morphology, size, and internal cell structure. Furthermore, a potential asexual life cycle for these membranous algae was proposed based on their morphological and structural characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Characterization of the Multicellular Membrane‐Bearing Algae From the Kuanchuanpu Biota (Cambrian: Terreneuvian)

et al. 2021

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“…(Xinji Formation, southwestern North China;H. Yun et al, 2016), or early Age 4 based on trilobites Estaingia and Redlichia (Houjiashan Formation, southeastern North China; Zhang and Zhu, 1979;Miao, 2014;He et al, 2017;Pan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Basal Units Of Varied Lithologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithostratigraphic revision of the siliciclastic-dominated basal Taebaek Group (lower–middle Cambrian), Eastern Korea

Choi

Lee

et al. 2023

Episodes

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The lithostratigraphic relationships among the basal Taebaek Group, including the Jangsan, Myeonsan, and Myobong formations, have been controversial until recently. It has long been assumed that the Jangsan and Myeonsan formations are lateral equivalents that are both conformably overlain by the Myobong Formation. However, recent studies have shown that the Jangsan is Precambrian in age and is unconformably overlain by the Cambrian succession, whereas the Myeonsan is a Cambrian unit. Accordingly, this study proposes a revised lithostratigraphic framework of the basal Taebaek Group. The Myeonsan Formation (Cambrian Age 3?) is defined here as a basal Cambrian succession consisting of a basal conglomerate and coarse-grained immature sandstone with detrital heavy minerals that unconformably overlies Precambrian basement. The Myobong Formation (~Cambrian Age 4-Wuliuan) is a fine-grained unit that conformably overlies the Myeonsan Formation. The Myobong is subdivided as follows: Seokpo Member of lenticular cross-laminated sandstone and siltstone; Daehyun Member of laterally continuous alternations of thin-bedded sandstone and siltstone with some carbonate-filled channels; Gurae Member of bioturbated sandstone. The Myeonsan Formation is comparable with lowermost Cambrian units in North China that formed during second-order transgression. Further sealevel rise led to the deposition of the Myobong Formation and its correlative units in North China.

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“… ( Punyasena et al, 2012 ; Kong, Punyasena & Fowlkes, 2016 ; Solano, Gasmen & Marquez, 2018 ; Dionisio et al, 2020 ; Hou et al, 2020 ; Liu & Song, 2020 ; Pires De Lima et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ; Foxon, 2021 ; Lallensack, Romilio & Falkingham, 2022 ; Niu & Xu, 2022 ; Wang et al, 2022 ; Ho et al, 2023 ; Hou et al, 2023 ); Liu et al 2023; ( Wang et al, 2023 ). …”

Section: Supplemental Informationunclassified

Automatic identification and morphological comparison of bivalve and brachiopod fossils based on deep learning

Sun,

Liu,

Huang

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Fossil identification is an essential and fundamental task for conducting palaeontological research. Because the manual identification of fossils requires extensive experience and is time-consuming, automatic identification methods are proposed. However, these studies are limited to a few or dozens of species, which is hardly adequate for the needs of research. This study enabled the automatic identification of hundreds of species based on a newly established fossil dataset. An available “bivalve and brachiopod fossil image dataset” (BBFID, containing >16,000 “image-label” data pairs, taxonomic determination completed) was created. The bivalves and brachiopods contained in BBFID are closely related in morphology, ecology and evolution that have long attracted the interest of researchers. We achieved >80% identification accuracy at 22 genera and ∼64% accuracy at 343 species using EfficientNetV2s architecture. The intermediate output of the model was extracted and downscaled to obtain the morphological feature space of fossils using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). We found a distinctive boundary between the morphological feature points of bivalves and brachiopods in fossil morphological feature distribution maps. This study provides a possible method for studying the morphological evolution of fossil clades using computer vision in the future.

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Artificial Intelligence Identification of Multiple Microfossils from the Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation in Southern Shaanxi, China

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Characterization of the Multicellular Membrane‐Bearing Algae From the Kuanchuanpu Biota (Cambrian: Terreneuvian)

Characterization of the Multicellular Membrane‐Bearing Algae From the Kuanchuanpu Biota (Cambrian: Terreneuvian)

Lithostratigraphic revision of the siliciclastic-dominated basal Taebaek Group (lower–middle Cambrian), Eastern Korea

Automatic identification and morphological comparison of bivalve and brachiopod fossils based on deep learning

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