A New Regenerative Divider by Four up to 160 GHz in SiGe Bipolar Technology

Abstract

-A new topology for a very high speed regenerative divider by four is proposed. The circuit uses a double mixer to directly divide the input frequency by four . A validation chip has been developed in a 225 GHz f T SiGe bipolar technology. The circuit operates in a frequency range from 80 GHz to 160 GHz while consuming a 650 mW from a -5.5 V supply.

A D-band divide-by-6 injection-locked frequency divider with Lange-coupler feedback architecture in 0.13 µm SiGe HBT

“…Setting S 21 ¼ S 12 , that equation belongs to a complex root problem. According to the DeMoivre's theorem, the two-port network is obtained with this approach, as shown in Fig.…”

“…The studies on frequency divider are performed in a number of publications to increase the maximum operation frequency and reduce the power consumption [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. Generally, the high-speed frequency dividers can be classified into: Miller regenerative frequency divider [10,11,12,13,14], current-mode logic (CML) static frequency divider [15,16] and injection-locked type [17,18,19,20,21,22]. Regenerative frequency dividers are widely used in high frequency and wide bandwidth applications.…”

A 90-nm CMOS 144 GHz Injection Locked Frequency Divider with Inductive Feedback

“…Fig. 1 shows a relation between the operation frequency, locking range, and DC power consumption for recently reported Si-based ILFDs and dynamic FDs that operate at mm-wave bands (static FDs are not included due to lack of sufficient data points at this frequency range) [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The plot clearly shows the expected tendency: dynamic FDs show wide locking ranges but only at the expense of huge power dissipation, while ILFD can reach higher frequencies with much smaller DC power although the locking range is limited.…”

“…1. Reported operation frequency range of various Si-based frequency dividers [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. of 1/(2•T D ) at the same location for each stage will result in the divide-by-N function.…”

Low-power 100 GHz shunt-peaked regenerative frequency divider using 0.18 µm SiGe BiCMOS

“…In particular, a phase-locked loop is often required in these systems for the local oscillator in which a high-speed and wideband frequency divider is indispensible. A regenerative frequency divider (RFD) remains the topology of choice to achieve the best compromise among bandwidth, speed, and power [2][3][4][5][6]. For even higher operating frequencies at D-band (110 -170 GHz), dynamic dividers with increased complexity and current consumption based on CherryHooper [5] and dual mixing [6] have been reported with more advanced SiGe technologies (f max 300 GHz).…”