A new product anti‐counterfeiting blockchain using a truly decentralized dynamic consensus protocol

Abstract

The growth of counterfeit goods has plagued the international community for decades. Nowadays, the battle against counterfeiting remains a significant challenge. Most of the current anti-counterfeiting systems are centralized. Motivated by the evolution of blockchain technology, we propose (Block-Supply), a decentralized anti-counterfeiting supply chain that exploits NFC and blockchain technologies. This paper also proposes a new truly decentralized consensus protocol that, unlike most of the existing protocols, does not require PoW and randomly employs a different set of different size of validators each time a new block is proposed. Our protocol utilizes a game theoretical model to analyze the risk likelihood of the block's proposing nodes. This risk likelihood is used to determine the number of validators involved in the consensus process. Additionally, the game model enforces the honest consensus nodes' behavior by rewarding honest players and penalizing dishonest ones. Our protocol utilizes a novel, decentralized, dynamic mapping between the nodes that participate in the consensus process.This mapping ensures that the interaction between these nodes is executed anonymously and blindly. This way of mapping withstands many attacks that require knowing the identities of the participating nodes in advance, such as DDoS, Bribery, and Eclipse attacks.

Designing blockchain systems to prevent counterfeiting in wine supply chains: a multiple-case study

“…QR codes vs NFC tags or manual vs automatic data entry), previous studies (e.g. Galvez et al , 2018; Alzahrani and Bulusu, 2019; Azzi et al , 2019; Lo et al , 2019) implicitly suggest that the different feeding/reading options used to complement the core BC technological properties can assure protection against counterfeiting to different extents, but again the view remains fragmented.…”

Unchaining Collective Intelligence for Science, Research, and Technology Development by Blockchain-Boosted Community Participation

“…Blockchain is so far mainly driven by software development for improving its own ecosystem and for its reach into new application spaces like industrial or food supply chains (Francisco and Swanson 2018;Wolfson, 2020), 98 authenticity of precious commodities (Gokce et al, 2018;Alzahrani and Bulusu 2019;Javed, 2019), and enterprise solutions (IBM, 2020). 93 Blockchain technologies also empower DeFi by creating novel financial instruments and investment vehicles such as yield farming (Yield Farming) for scooping arbitrage gains, synthetic assets (Synthetix), barrier-free, financially inclusive (micro-)payment systems (Ripple), DEX 99,100 with AMMs, and services for auditing or insuring against crypto-specific risks.…”

PharmaCrypt: Blockchain for Critical Pharmaceutical Industry to Counterfeit Drugs

“…Further, it took 1 ms each to create block lifetime, Merkle root, timestamp, and version. Due to the insufficient implementation details available in Drugledger [11] (the details are not provided, so we created simple functions for Synchro-nizeUTXO() -20 ms, ReadDrugPackage() -10 ms, GetUTXO() -20 ms, ValidQuery() -20 ms, CreateTX() -20 ms, Gossip() -10 ms, and IsCor- Alzahrani et al [15] proposed (i) Block-Supply, a decentralized anti-counterfeiting supply chain that is based on NFC and blockchain technologies and (ii) a decentralized consensus protocol. However, it is not clear whether this protocol can be used for Blockchain-related applications such as PharmaCrypt.…”