A new phylogenetic lineage of Rabies virus associated with western pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus hesperus)

Franka, Richard; Constantine, Denny G.; Kuzmin, Ivan I.; Velasco-Villa, Andrés; Reeder, Serena A.; Streicker, Daniel G.; Orciari, Lillian A.; Wong, Anna J.; Blanton, Jesse D.; Rupprecht, Charles E.

doi:10.1099/vir.0.81822-0

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These species may interact and exchange pathogens during nocturnal foraging. Meanwhile, as is well established in the Americas, different bat species maintain circulation of specific RABV variants (18,46,52). Therefore we may expect circulation of distinct LBV variants in different Old World bat species as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lagos Bat Virus in Kenya

et al. 2008

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During lyssavirus surveillance, 1,221 bats of at least 30 species were collected from 25 locations in Kenya. One isolate of Lagos bat virus (LBV) was obtained from a dead Eidolon helvum fruit bat. The virus was most similar phylogenetically to LBV isolates from Senegal (1985) and from France (imported from Togo or Egypt; 1999), sharing with these viruses 100% nucleoprotein identity and 99.8 to 100% glycoprotein identity. This genome conservancy across space and time suggests that LBV is well adapted to its natural host species and that populations of reservoir hosts in eastern and western Africa have sufficient interactions to share pathogens. High virus concentrations, in addition to being detected in the brain, were detected in the salivary glands and tongue and in an oral swab, suggesting that LBV is transmitted in the saliva. In other extraneural organs, the virus was generally associated with innervations and ganglia. The presence of infectious virus in the reproductive tract and in a vaginal swab implies an alternative opportunity for transmission. The isolate was pathogenic for laboratory mice by the intracerebral and intramuscular routes. Serologic screening demonstrated the presence of LBV-neutralizing antibodies in E. helvum and Rousettus aegyptiacus fruit bats. In different colonies the seroprevalence ranged from 40 to 67% and 29 to 46% for E. helvum and R. aegyptiacus, respectively. Nested reverse transcription-PCR did not reveal the presence of viral RNA in oral swabs of bats in the absence of brain infection. Several large bat roosts were identified in areas of dense human populations, raising public health concerns for the potential of lyssavirus infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lagos Bat Virus in Kenya

et al. 2008

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“…humans being bitten during sleep and so not obtaining post‐exposure prophylaxis) or is owing to differences in properties of RABV variants; however, some data are suggestive of the latter. Most human rabies deaths in the United States during the past decade are linked to variants associated with the silver‐haired bat ( Lasionycteris noctivagans; almost exclusively this species in the western United States) and Perimyotis subflavus, the tricoloured bat (Krebs et al., 2000a,b; Messenger et al., 2003; Franka et al., 2006). In most cases of human rabies associated with bat RABVs, there is no definitive bite history (Rupprecht et al., 2002).…”

Section: Host Ecological Strategies As Drivers Of Pathogen Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2010) show a propensity for tree bats to asymmetrically infect other bat hosts with RABV. RABV variants associated with tree bats are also among the most recent to emerge (Franka et al., 2006). The winter habits of L. noctivagans are poorly known, but intermittent torpor with frequent activity at lower latitudes is likely (Geluso, 2007).…”

Section: Host Ecological Strategies As Drivers Of Pathogen Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Bats: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Hayman

Bowen

Cryan

et al. 2012

Zoonoses and Public Health

173

172

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Bats are hosts to a range of zoonotic and potentially zoonotic pathogens. Human activities that increase exposure to bats will likely increase the opportunity for infections to spill over in the future. Ecological drivers of pathogen spillover and emergence in novel hosts, including humans, involve a complex mixture of processes, and understanding these complexities may aid in predicting spillover. In particular, only once the pathogen and host ecologies are known can the impacts of anthropogenic changes be fully appreciated. Cross-disciplinary approaches are required to understand how host and pathogen ecology interact. Bats differ from other sylvatic disease reservoirs because of their unique and diverse lifestyles, including their ability to fly, often highly gregarious social structures, long lifespans and low fecundity rates. We highlight how these traits may affect infection dynamics and how both host and pathogen traits may interact to affect infection dynamics. We identify key questions relating to the ecology of infectious diseases in bats and propose that a combination of field and laboratory studies are needed to create data-driven mechanistic models to elucidate those aspects of bat ecology that are most critical to the dynamics of emerging bat viruses. If commonalities can be found, then predicting the dynamics of newly emerging diseases may be possible. This modelling approach will be particularly important in scenarios when population surveillance data are unavailable and when it is unclear which aspects of host ecology are driving infection dynamics.

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“…This is consistent with our observations of buildings used only by single-species colonies. Interestingly, although most human exposure to rabies from bats in the US is through big brown bats, most human deaths due to rabies in the United States are associated with genetic clades of virus variants with subdivisions found in silver-haired bats, hoary bats, and tri-colored bats (Perimyotis subflavus; Franka et al 2006). Silver-haired bats were the second and third most submitted species for rabies diagnoses in the Front Range Corridor and Larimer County, respectively, but had a low prevalence of positive specimens.…”

Section: Movements Of Big Brown Batsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bat ecology and public health surveillance for rabies in an urbanizing region of Colorado

O’Shea

Neubaum

et al. 2011

Urban Ecosyst

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We describe use of Fort Collins, Colorado, and nearby areas by bats in [2001][2002][2003][2004][2005], and link patterns in bat ecology with concurrent public health surveillance for rabies. Our analyses are based on evaluation of summary statistics, and information-theoretic support for results of simple logistic regression. Based on captures in mist nets, the city bat fauna differed from that of the adjacent mountains, and was dominated by big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus). Species, age, and sex composition of bats submitted for rabies testing locally and along the urbanizing Front Range Corridor were similar to those of the mist-net captures and reflected the annual cycle of reproduction and activity of big brown bats. Few submissions occurred November-March, when these bats hibernated elsewhere. In summer females roosted in buildings in colonies and dominated health samples; fledging of young corresponded to a summer peak in health submissions with no increase in rabies prevalence. Roosting ecology of big brown bats in buildings was similar to that reported for natural sites, including colony size, roost-switching behavior, fidelity to roosts in a small area, and attributes important for roost selection. Attrition in roosts occurred from structural modifications of buildings to exclude colonies by citizens, but without major effects on long-term bat reproduction or survival. Bats foraged in areas set aside for nature conservation. A pattern of lower diversity Urban Ecosyst (2011) 14:665-697

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A new phylogenetic lineage of Rabies virus associated with western pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus hesperus)

Cited by 27 publications

References 26 publications

Lagos Bat Virus in Kenya

Lagos Bat Virus in Kenya

Ecology of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Bats: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Bat ecology and public health surveillance for rabies in an urbanizing region of Colorado

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