First and foremost, I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor Prof. Freddy Boey and co-supervisor Asst/Prof. Xue Can for providing the continuing guidance, constant encouragement and overall supervision of the project, without which this dissertation would not have been possible. Secondly, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Prof. James Barber, and Assoc/Prof. Joachim Loo for their invaluable guidance and encouraging support along the way. My deep gratitude also goes to my colleague and friends who have offered his/her