Developing more sustainable
catalytic processes for preparing N-heterocyclic
compounds in a less costly, compact, and greener manner from cheap
and readily available reagents is highly desirable in modern synthetic
chemistry. Herein, we report a straightforward synthesis of benzimidazoles
by reductive coupling of
o
-dinitroarenes with aldehydes
in the presence of molecular hydrogen. An innovative molecular cluster-based
synthetic strategy that employs Mo
3
S
4
complexes
as precursors have been used to engineer a sulfur-deficient molybdenum
disulfide (MoS
2
)-type material displaying structural defects
on both the naturally occurring edge positions and along the typically
inactive basal planes. By applying this catalyst, a broad range of
functionalized 2-substituted benzimidazoles, including bioactive compounds,
can be selectively synthesized by such a direct hydrogenative coupling
protocol even in the presence of hydrogenation-sensitive functional
groups, such as double and triple carbon–carbon bonds, nitrile
and ester groups, and halogens as well as diverse types of heteroarenes.