A New Pathogenic Anaerobic Actinomyces Species

Georg, Lucille K.; Robertstad, Gordon W.; Brinkman, Sherry A.; Hicklin, Martin D.

doi:10.1093/infdis/115.1.88

Cited by 47 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The in vitro activity of cephaloridine was almost identical to that of penicillin G. Even though the least active in vitro, cephalexin given by mouth in doses of 4.0 g per day would provide serum levels in excess of MICs for all (6) A. viscosus (15) Ar. propionica (7) A. noeslurrdii (5) A. odontolyticus (5) A. bovis (4) (6) A viscosus (15) Ar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…propionica (7) A. noeslurrdii (5) A. odontolyticus (5) A. bovis (4) (6) A viscosus (15) Ar. propionica (7) A naeslundii (5) A. odontolyticus (5) A. bovis (4) LS 19 7 (31) A. eriksonii (6) L A viscosus (15) Ar propionico (7) A naeslundii (5) of actinomycetes to clin-…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…(7) A. naeslundii(5) A. isroelii (31) . (32) A. eriksonii (6) A.viscosus (15) Ar. propionica (7) A. noeslundii (5) .…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

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Susceptibility of Pathogenic Actinomycetes to Antimicrobial Compounds

Lerner

1974

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

100

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Current interest in antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic pathogens and recent recognition that actinomycetes other than Actinomyces israelii may cause actinomycosis in man prompted this in vitro survey of 74 strains of actinomycetes, representing seven species. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 24 antimicrobials were determined by inhibition of gross colonial enlargement in semisolid antibiotic agar after incubation at 37 C for 48 h under anaerobic conditions. Erythromycin and rifampin were the most active drugs in vitro (MICs of 0.008 to 0.25 ug/ml), although a small number of non-israelii strains were conspicuously more resistant to the latter (MICs > 0.5 ,g/ml). Penicillin G, cephaloridine, minocycline, and clindamycin were also very active in vitro (MICs of 0.03 to 1.0 ,ug/ml); for a few non-israelii strains the MICs of clindamycin were 2.0 to 8.0 ,ug/ml. MICs of cephalothin, ampicillin, lincomycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol were well within a therapeutic range for all strains of A. israelii and most other species, although the MIC of lincomycin against a few non-israelii strains and of tetracycline and doxycycline against the majority of these strains was 2.0 to 8.0 ,g/ml. Oxacillin, dicloxacillin, and cephalexin were less active in vitro, particularly against strains other than A. israelii. Most non-israelii species were not suppressed by 125 ,ug of metronidazole per ml, which concentration inhibited all strains of A. israelii; otherwise, there were no antimicrobial susceptibility differences among the species tested. Aminoglycoside activity was negligible.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsunclassified

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Susceptibility of Pathogenic Actinomycetes to Antimicrobial Compounds

Lerner

1974

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

100

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“…The type strain of Bijidobacterium eriksonii (Georg et al 1965) was allocated to the Bifidobacterium cluster. The strain was fermentatively similar to the bifidobacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Taxonomy and Laboratory Identification of Actinomyces and Arachnia and some Related Bacteria

Holmberg¹,

Nord²

1975

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYA numerical taxonomic study was made on 49 facultative anaerobic Grampositive filamentous and/or diphtheroidal organisms isolated from dental plaques, carious dentin and faeces, together with 63 reference strains belonging to the genera Actinomyces, Arachnia, B$dobacteriurn, Actinobacterium, Propionibacterium, Eubacterium and Lactobacillus. They were examined for 90 unit characters covering a wide range of tests and properties. The data were subjected to computer analysis in which the simple matching coefficient (&J and the similarity index (S,) were calculated, and the results of single linkage techniques and an unweighted average linkage cluster analysis technique were compared.The strains fell into six major groups (phena). The Actinomyces strains were recovered in two phena; the first contained Actinomyces israelii and the other facultative anaerobic Actinomyces, including subclusters equal to taxospecies of A. odontolyticus and A. viscosus/A. naeslundii, while the other phenon corresponded to the genera Arachnia, Actinobacterium, Bijdobacterium and Propionibacteriurn. The groups of Arachnia and Actinobacterium each contained one species, representing taxospecies of Arachnia propionica and Actinobacteriurn rneyerii. Taxonomic criteria, both constant and discriminative, were selected to form a diagnostic table useful for laboratory identification of this group of organisms. Immunofluorescence supported the numerical data. I N T R O D U C T I O NThe classification of Gram-positive diphtheroidal and/or filamentous organisms belonging to the family Actinomycetaceae and related genera is beset with many difficulties. The lines of demarcation between the actinomycete genera, and between them and related genera such as Propionibacteriurn and Actinobacterium, are not clear. Current taxonomic ideas concerning the family Actinomycetaceae and related organisms, and the physiology and structure of these organisms in relation to their classification and phylogenetic relationships were recently reviewed by Pine (1970) and by Cross & Goodfellow (1973).Few analyses have used numerical taxonomy for the classification of actinomycetes (Sneath, 1970

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“…The presence of GPGD isozyme 2 seems to be distinctive for B. dentium cells grown on gluconate; cells grown on glucose, with the exception of those of strains isolated from the feces of human infants and from abscesses in humans (Actinomyces eriksonii), do not possess stainable levels of this enzyme (see Materials and Methods). The two strains of A. eriksonii (ATCC 15423 and ATCC 15424), isolated by Georg et al (5) and classified as Bifidobacterium eriksonii by Holdeman and Moore (8), produced the same zymogram pattern as B. dentium (pattern 4-2; see Table 1). This is in accord with the high DNA homology (80 to 100%; Scardovi, unpublished data) we have found between these two strains and the type strain of B. dentium (B764 = ATCC 27534) used as reference.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multiple Electrophoretic Forms of Transaldolase and 6-Phosphogluconic Dehydrogenase and Their Relationships to the Taxonomy and Ecology of the Bifidobacteria

Scardovi

Casalicchio

Vincenzi

1979

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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The electrophoretic patterns of the transaldolases and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases (GPGD) of 1,206 strains, each belonging to one of 24 named species of the genus Bifidobacterium, were determined by means of starch-gel electrophoresis. All of these strains were previously assigned to species on the basis of their deoxyribonucleic acid homology relationships and were selected so as to include all known phenotypes and habitats. Fourteen electrophoretic forms of transaldolase and 19 of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent GPGD were identified and numbered. Each strain displayed one band for each enzyme. Glucose-grown cells of the B. pullorum strains and of most of the B. dentium strains were devoid of detectable levels of GPGD. The zymograms of more than 60% of the strains studied were species specific. Nearly half of the other strains had significant overlapping of transaldolase and GPGD patterns, and they were assigned therefore to species on the basis of an additional marker, 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase production, the results of which are not reported here in detail. Of the species studied, B. asteroides exhibited the greatest variability in electrophoretic types of both transaldolase and GPGD. Correlations between electrophoretic data, deoxyribonucleic acid homology relationships between the species, and ecology are discussed.Fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase (FGPPK) is the key enzyme of carbohydrate dissimilation in the genus Bifidobacterium. Although its relative electrophoretic mobility is generally not a useful character for species differentiation, there are some differences in the properties of F6PPK in some Bifodobacterium species generally confined to specific habitats. The most anodic form of F6PPK was from B. asteroides (from the honey bee intestine); a second, less mobile FGPPK was from B. globosum, B. thermophilum, and B. suis (commonly isolated from the feces of various animals); a third F6PPK isozyme of intermediate electrophoretic mobility was present in B. breve, B. longum, and B. adolescentis (human strains from intestine, dental caries, and vagina) (24). A comparative study of the FGPPKs from the type strains of B. globosum and B. dentium disclosed that the enzyme from B. globosum was more heat stable than that from B. dentium, that the optimum activity was at pH 5 to 6 for B. globosum and at pH 7 for B. dentium, and that the "animal" type of FGPPK (from B. globosum) was activated by Mg'+ and was less active in the presence of Mn2+, whereas the reverse was true with the "human" type of FGPPK (from B. dentium), where only Mn2+ fully activated the enzyme. The molecular weights were different (1.6 x lo5 and 2.9 X lo5, respectively), and the enzyme from B. globosum also cleaved xylulose 5-phosphate, whereas the B. dentium FGPPK was specific for fructose 6-phosphate (33).A preliminary study on the electrophoretic forms of other enzymes, such as transaldolase, transketolase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (GPGD), and aldolase, was made with 49 representative st...

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A New Pathogenic Anaerobic Actinomyces Species

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Susceptibility of Pathogenic Actinomycetes to Antimicrobial Compounds

Susceptibility of Pathogenic Actinomycetes to Antimicrobial Compounds

Numerical Taxonomy and Laboratory Identification of Actinomyces and Arachnia and some Related Bacteria

Multiple Electrophoretic Forms of Transaldolase and 6-Phosphogluconic Dehydrogenase and Their Relationships to the Taxonomy and Ecology of the Bifidobacteria

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