A new paradigm in polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA): Exploitation of “non-living” addition–fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) polymerization

Abstract

Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is conducted based on “non-living” radical dispersion polymerization in the form of addition–fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) polymerization.

Beyond Simple AB Diblock Copolymers: Application of Bifunctional and Trifunctional RAFT Agents to PISA in Water

“…PISA generally involves the use of controlled/living polymerization techniques, in particular reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, which is nowadays recognized as the most powerful and versatile polymerization technique for PISA . In addition, first examples using “non‐living” radical polymerization or ring‐opening metathesis polymerization have also been reported in PISA. In RAFT‐mediated PISA, a hydrophilic macromolecular chain transfer agent (macro‐CTA) is typically chain extended with a second, less soluble monomer under heterogeneous polymerization conditions to form an amphiphilic diblock copolymer that self‐assembles in the course of the polymerization.…”

Ultraschnelle Synthese multivalenter radikalischer Nanopartikel durch ringöffnende Metathesepolymerisations‐induzierte Selbstorganisation

“…Die Steigerung der Polydispersität wird auf die Kettenübertragung durch Sekundärmetathese zurückgeführt und ist nicht zwangsläufig ein Hindernis für PISA . Elektronenspinresonanz (EPR)‐Spektren von P(NTEMPO‐ co ‐NOEG) (Tabelle , Eintrag 1) und P(NTEMPO‐ co ‐NOEG)‐ b ‐PNor‐NP (Tabelle , Eintrag 4) stellen charakteristische Nitroxid‐Triplett‐Signale dar, was auf eine gute Trennung zwischen den Radikalen in diesen Materialien hindeutet (Abbildung S12) .…”

Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly under Compressed CO2: Control of Morphology Using a CO2‐Responsive MacroRAFT Agent

“…Polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA), most commonly based on reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, has emerged as a useful method for synthesis of a wide range of nanoparticle morphologies. More recently, PISA has been expanded to approaches based on nonliving radical polymerization (addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization), photo‐induced CLRP, as well as ring‐opening metathesis polymerization . PISA is typically implemented as a dispersion polymerization, although emulsion polymerization can also be employed.…”