A new paradigm for corneal wound healing research: The white leghorn chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Fowler, W. C.; Chang, Daniel H.; Roberts, Bruce C.; Zarovnaya, E. L.; Proia, Alan D.

doi:10.1076/ceyr.28.4.241.27837

Cited by 38 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As we showed, the epithelium closed quickly at 48 h in this animal model similar to that described by Fowler et al (2004) (54.4 AE 2.8 h) in the same animal, and similar to that in humans at 48 to 72 h (Fagerholm, 2000). Proliferation of the epithelium was detected after 12 h not in neighbouring cells at the wound margin but in limbal zones.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…However, the rabbit cornea is not appropriate to study human diseases as pointed out by other authors (Fowler et al, 2004). To the best of our knowledge, no studies have correlated clinical signs (haze) with objective methods to measure light transmission through the healing cornea and establish a relationship with biologic phenomena such as apoptosis, proliferation, and myofibroblast differentiation at different time points.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Avian corneas are similar to human corneas and have a Bowman's layer. Hens, which are inexpensive, easy to handle and anesthetize, and do not require complicated housing, have been used in refractive surgery by our research group Torres et al, 2005) and others (Fowler et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wound healing following refractive surgery in hens

Martínez-García¹,

Merayo‐Lloves

Blanco–Mezquita

et al. 2006

Experimental Eye Research

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The wound-healing response is critical to the outcome of refractive surgery and studying wound healing contributes to an understanding of the pathophysiology of other corneal injuries. Animal models allow research to be conducted with sufficient samples and under controlled parameters. We studied the hen to determine the healing process from clinical, biophysical, and biological standpoints after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). PRK (ÿ6.0 diopters) was performed in hen eyes. At 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h and 5, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days postoperatively, we studied the clinical follow-up, objective measurements of light transmission (direct transmittance), apoptosis by TUNEL assay, proliferation by immunocytochemical analysis of 5-bromo-2 0 -deoxyuridine, and expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) in myofibroblasts in the corneas. Hen corneas reepithelialize quickly. Haze developed from 5 to 60 days after surgery and was correlated with the appearance and finalization of the expression of SMA. The direct transmittance of light was low during the first 15 days and improved at 30 and 60 days. TUNEL-positive cells were observed 3 h after surgery and the numbers decreased thereafter. Epithelial proliferation began at 12 h and was greater at 48 h, while stromal cell proliferation began at 24 h and was greater at 72 h. The hen cornea is anatomically similar to the human cornea, and the manner in which it heals is a good model for studying different surgical techniques and pharmacologic assays.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Wound healing following refractive surgery in hens

Martínez-García¹,

Merayo‐Lloves

Blanco–Mezquita

et al. 2006

Experimental Eye Research

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“…However, in this study we chose the hen as the experimental animal since, histologically, its cornea resembles human cornea in size and structure: it is thinnest centrally and it thickens toward the periphery. Furthermore, the proportions of hen cornea layer [44,45] and the fibrillar collagen arrangement [46,47] are very similar to those of human cornea. Also, in previous experiments the hen was used as animal model to study the wound-healing response after intracorneal ring segment implantation by our group, so that the learning curve was already realized [48].…”

Section: Groups/ Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 57%

Clinical and pathological effects of different acrylic intracorneal ring segments in corneal additive surgery

et al. 2010

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a b s t r a c tThe objective of this work was to evaluate the potential use of less stiff materials based on acrylic copolymers of methyl methacrylate/2-ethylhexyl acrylate (MMA/EHA) as devices to correct, stabilize and improve the effect of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) intracorneal ring segments. MMA/EHA and PMMA intracorneal ring segments were surgically implanted in the corneas of Lohmann Classic hens. The effects of the intracorneal ring segments were assessed by optical measurements and corneal tolerance was evaluated through biomicroscopic examination over a 90-day observation period and by conventional histology. The experimental results demonstrated that the intracorneal ring segments made of MMA/EHA copolymers provided a significant change in the corneal curvature and an improved in vivo response compared to those obtained for PMMA rings, which was attributed to the higher flexibility of the copolymeric materials, indicating that these systems might be considered suitable as an alternative to those currently used, for application in clinical practice.

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“…The original surgical technique described previously for humans works well in hens, and it has the same learning curve for the investigators (data not shown). Furthermore, the chicken is ethically acceptable, inexpensive, easy to handle, and the corneal anatomy with respect to the number and distribution of layers and the wound healing response is similar to that of humans [22,23,28,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue reaction after intrastromal corneal ring implantation in an experimental animal model

Ibares‐Frías

Gallego

Cantalapiedra-Rodríguez

et al. 2015

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Purpose To evaluate corneal wound healing in the hen animal model after additive surgery with an intracorneal ring segment (ICRS). Methods We implanted one ICRS in each eye of 76 hens. In control group 1 (n=22 hens), the stromal channel was prepared but no ICRS was inserted. In control group 2 (n=2 hens), no surgery was performed. Animals were randomly separated into groups and euthanized after clinical follow-up of 4 and 12 hours, 1, 2, 3, and 7 days, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months. Corneas were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Apoptosis was measured by terminal uridine nick end-labeling assays. Cell proliferation and myofibroblast-like differentiation were assayed by BrdU and α-smooth muscle actin immunofluorescence microscopy. Stromal matrix changes were documented by electron microscopy.Results Epithelial and stromal cell apoptosis around the ICRS-implanted and control group 1 eyes peaked at 12 hours, but continued for 72 hours. In ICRSimplanted eyes, epithelial and stromal proliferation was present at 12 and 24 hours, respectively, and peaked at 7 days and 72 hours, respectively. Some proliferation in the ICRS-implanted group continued through the 6-month follow-up, and myofibroblast-like cells differentiated one to three months after ICRS implantation. The segments rotated within the stroma as the limbal inferior angle approached the epithelium. Conclusions Wound healing after ICRS implantation in hen corneas was similar to that of other corneal surgical wounds in stages. However, there were some specific features related to the small size of the epithelial wound and the device permanently implanted inside the cornea.

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A new paradigm for corneal wound healing research: The white leghorn chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Cited by 38 publications

References 35 publications

Wound healing following refractive surgery in hens

Wound healing following refractive surgery in hens

Clinical and pathological effects of different acrylic intracorneal ring segments in corneal additive surgery

Tissue reaction after intrastromal corneal ring implantation in an experimental animal model

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