A new navigation system based on cephalograms and dental casts for oral and maxillofacial surgery

Three-dimensional computer-assisted surgical simulation and intraoperative navigation in orthognathic surgery: A literature review

“…Recently, the navigation system has been used to accurately translate the virtual plan to actual operation. Tsuji et al 53 presented an optical tracking system for navigation uses charged-coupled-device video cameras and lightemitting diodes that provided sufficient accuracy and precision. Mazzoni et al 54 evaluated the reproducibility with the assistance of the eNlite Navigation System by Stryker (Freiburg, Germany) with the iNtellect Cranial Navigation platform, and reported a higher accuracy compared with the non-navigated group.…”

Digital three-dimensional image fusion processes for planning and evaluating orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. A systematic review

“…Three methods are used to display the facial skeleton in combination with the dentition: life-sized STL 71 or milled 51,63 models augmented with dental casts; digital dental casts integrated in cephalograms 121,122 ; and 3D reconstruction of the (CB)CT with integrated digital dental casts 30,31, 82,102,109,110,112,113,122 .…”

“…Fusion of cephalograms and digital dental casts 121,122 was developed to reduce radiation exposure or to overcome the unavailability of MSCT or CBCT hardware. Specific landmarks on the cephalograms and dental cast are identified, digitised and integrated with each other to create a semi-3D outline of the facial skeleton and the dentition.…”

Communicating a clinical problem to the engineers: towards a common methodology

“…The problem level was decided by establishing a boundary around a coherent sub-set of functions. In this example, four systems can be established, based on 1) simulation only (computer-assisted planning or model surgery) 9,12,16,18,22,23 ; 2) analysis and simulation (only planning improvement); 3) simulation and transfer 11 ; and 4) a global solution with analysis, simulation and transfer 2,19 (Fig. 3).…”