A new methodology to identify and quantify material resource at a large scale for earth construction – Application to cob in Brittany

Hamard, Erwan; Lemercier, Blandine; Cazacliu, Bogdan; Razakamanantsoa, Andry; Morel, Jean‐Claude

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.097

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…There are many variations of the vernacular cob construction process resulting from the adaptation of the technique to local environments the earth could have been adapted to the cob process. For example the addition of fibers was often used to limit shrinkage cracks and made it possible the use of clayey earth [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The architecture on land and its construction techniques, millenary tradition that is reborn

Hurtado-Figueroa¹,

Gutiérrez²,

Peñaloza³

2018

ces

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In the context of sustainable development, the use of materials of low environmental impact in the activities inherent to the construction of houses plays an important role when it comes to reducing waste pollution. The alternative materials to be used in the various construction processes, besides being totally renewable, they must be reusable, available locally and have little or no energy expenditure in its extraction, preparation and application. The Bio resources or Eco materials meet these requirements, of which land as ancestral material used in millenary construction techniques, it becomes the most feasible alternative for its use as a construction material to replace the conventional ones. The main objective is the literary review of articles published in reliable databases, whose research topic was based on the analysis and use of land and natural materials for application in housing construction. The articles were categorized, analyzed and integrated into a synthesized structure to extract the important aspects in the thematic introduction, the constructive techniques, the results of the processes carried out and finally, the conclusions on the constructive implementation of the elements studied. In this way it offers information of interest to people who want to delve into the subject investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The architecture on land and its construction techniques, millenary tradition that is reborn

Hurtado-Figueroa¹,

Gutiérrez²,

Peñaloza³

2018

ces

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“…4 Among these construction wastes, about 75 % consist of soils and stones [5], [6]. As already 5 highlighted for cob in Brittany, the earth building sector has a strong reuse potential for 6 earthwork wastes [7]. Planning authorities and earthwork contractors need a decision tool to be 7 able to identify the potentially reusable material among their excavated soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, texture of materials collected in vernacular earth heritage buildings do not systematically fit inside those grading envelopes [15]- [18]. Thus, grading envelopes available in the literature failed to give full account of the diversity of earth employed for construction [7], [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, another approach to identify material suitability for construction is to analyse materials traditionally used in heritage buildings. This can be done thanks to the analysis of samples collected inside walls of building heritage, or thanks to the cross-referencing of heritage geographical distribution and geological maps [15], [20] or pedological maps [7], [20], [21]. The direct analysis of samples collected in walls provides a reliable material identification but, since it is highly time-consuming, only few buildings can be studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results provided a renewed vision of the diversity of earth materials used in vernacular rammed-earth buildings. They were also compared to the cob earth resource identification carried out by Hamard et al [7] in order to address the differences between rammed earth and cob earth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards an easy decision tool to assess soil suitability for earth building

Rojat

Hamard

Fabbri

et al. 2020

Construction and Building Materials

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In the European Union, most of the wastes from the building sector are composed of earths. Earth construction may be an interesting outlet for the re-use of these wastes, while meeting the challenge of circular economy: in particular, it involves low-embodied energy processes and earth material can be re-used for building by end-of-life. Nonetheless, the identification of suitable earths for construction remains an issue. To overcome this problem, an option may be to analyse earth building heritage, which is at least one-century old in Europe: indeed, earth employed in these buildings can be regarded as "time-tested", and thus suitable for construction. In this paper, more than 20 different earths collected in rammed earth heritage building in France are presented. The results are confronted both to literature and to several classifications employed in soil sciences. A classification system based on granularity and clay activity will be relevant to address the convenience of earth for building purposes.

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