A new method of super-cooled water recognition in dew point hygrometer by morphology-based image processing

Lightweight dew-/frost-point hygrometer based on a surface-acoustic-wave sensor for balloon-borne atmospheric water vapor profile sounding

“…Below the freezing point of water, the surface condensate may exist as supercooled water rather than ice. 27,28,30 For a dry surface below 0°C, supercooled liquid water condenses in preference to ice down to perhaps −60°C, 31 though at the lower end of this range the water will convert immediately to ice. Typically, water which is cooled through the freezing point may not solidify until the temperature reaches −20 to −40°C.…”

Dew point measurement for organic vapor mixture using a quartz crystal sensor

“…Recently, a review article explained the experimental methods in detail [7]. Most of the measurement methods determine the amount of water vapor in gas using absorption like in Karl Fischer titration method and gravimetric hygrometer method [8], adsorption [9], spectroscopic detection, and conductivity/capacitance measurement. Note that these are not suitable for dew point measurement of organic vapor mixtures.…”

Planar waveguide hygrometer and state sensor demonstrating supercooled water recognition

“…doi:10.1016/j.snb.2004.12.027 a liquid below the melting point. The distinction between ice and supercooled water has previously required human intervention, multiple sensor designs or significant processing of the sensor output [8].…”