Planar waveguide hygrometer and state sensor demonstrating supercooled water recognition

Sparrow, I.J.G.; Emmerson, G.D.; Gawith, C.B.E.; Smith, Peter G. R.

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2004.12.027

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, use of these devices is not limited to the field of telecommunications only. Instead, we have demonstrated their capabilities as sensing tools, as reported in [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

100GHz electrically tunable planar Bragg grating via nematic liquid crystal overlay for reconfigurable WDM networks.

et al. 2007

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Novel liquid crystal-based integrated optical devices with >140GHz electrical tuning are presented for application towards reconfigurable wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. Initial results with Bragg wavelength tuning covering five 25GHz WDM channel spacing have been achieved with 170V (peak-to-peak) sinusoidal voltages applied across electro-patterned ITO-covered glass electrodes placed 60µm apart. These prototype devices were fabricated using direct UV grating writing, with an evanescent field coupling into a liquid crystal overlay through an etched window. Electrically controlled liquid crystal birefringence modifies the waveguide effective index, resulting in Bragg wavelength shift. Merck 18523 nematic liquid crystals are used, exhibiting compatible refractive index values to that of silica (n o =1.44, n e =1.49 at λ=1550nm). Homeotropic alignment of the liquid crystal is provided by application of a surfactant layer.The inherent refractive index sensitivity of our etched direct-UV-written structures allows observation of previously unreported liquid crystal surface-behaviour, such as multi-threshold points during variation of the applied field. Continued optimisation based on evanescent field penetration, electrode layout, and surface interaction will allow implementation towards a variety of novel liquid crystal applications and devices. For example, a cascaded architecture of these integrated liquid crystal devices operating at different Bragg wavelengths would pave the way towards true colorless add/drop modules for dense optical networks.

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“…However, use of these devices is not limited to the field of telecommunications only. Instead, we have demonstrated their capabilities as sensing tools, as reported in [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

100GHz electrically tunable planar Bragg grating via nematic liquid crystal overlay for reconfigurable WDM networks.

et al. 2007

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“…A relatively small number of Bragg grating-based devices have been considered and implemented in planar form. They have been demonstrated in a variety of different material platforms such as in polymers [11][12][13][14], Sol-gel systems [15], Silicon-on-Insulator SOI [16,17], Lithium Niobate [18], and Silica-on-Silicon [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planar Bragg Grating Sensors—Fabrication and Applications: A Review

et al. 2009

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We discuss the background and technology of planar Bragg grating sensors, reviewing their development and describing the latest developments. The physical operating principles are discussed, relating device operation to user requirements. Recent performance of such devices includes a planar Bragg grating sensor design which allows refractive index resolution of RIU and temperature resolution of . This sensor design is incorporated into industrialised applications allowing the sensor to be used for real time sensing in intrinsically safe, high-pressure pipelines, or for insertion probe applications such as fermentation. Initial data demonstrating the ability to identify solvents and monitor long term industrial processes is presented. A brief review of the technology used to fabricate the sensors is given along with examples of the flexibility afforded by the technique.

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“…al. 4 -refractive index sensor using for condensate phase determination. In our approach because of very small sensor surface (fiber core area is below 100μm 2 ) and fiber cut sensor application as refractive index sensor we expect to avoid this problem in future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%