A new method for chemical analysis of faeces

Costongs, G. M. P. J.; Bos, L.P.; Engels, L.G.J.B.; Janson, Paul

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(85)90244-x

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In lactose intolerance and intestinal inflammation, stool pH can be lower than pH 6.0 and stool osmolarity as high as 490 (lactose intolerance) or 610 mosM (inflammation) (8). Based on the reported stool properties in CM patients, we prepared an AHS solution, adjusting pH and osmolarity to pH 6.0 and 500 or 800 mosM, respectively.…”

Section: Effects Of Ahs On Colorectal Afferents In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminal hypertonicity and acidity modulate colorectal afferents and induce persistent visceral hypersensitivity

Feng

Schwartz

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Carbohydrate malabsorption such as in lactose intolerance or enteric infection causes symptoms that include abdominal pain. Because this digestive disorder increases intracolonic osmolarity and acidity by accumulation of undigested carbohydrates and fermented products, we tested whether these two factors (hypertonicity and acidity) would modulate colorectal afferents in association with colorectal nociception and hypersensitivity. In mouse colorectum-pelvic nerve preparations in vitro, afferent activities were monitored after application of acidic hypertonic saline (AHS; pH 6.0, 800 mosM). In other experiments, AHS was instilled intracolonically to mice and behavioral responses to colorectal distension (CRD) measured. Application of AHS in vitro excited 80% of serosal and 42% of mechanically-insensitive colorectal afferents (MIAs), sensitizing a proportion of MIAs to become mechanically sensitive and reversibly inhibiting stretch-sensitive afferents. Acute intracolonic AHS significantly increased expression of the neuronal activation marker pERK in colon sensory neurons and augmented noxious CRD-induced behavioral responses. After three consecutive daily intracolonic AHS treatments, mice were hypersensitive to CRD 4-15 days after the first treatment. In complementary single fiber recordings in vitro, the proportion of serosal class afferents increased at day 4; the proportion of MIAs decreased, and muscular class stretch-sensitive afferents were sensitized at days 11-15 in mice receiving AHS. These results indicate that luminal hypertonicity and acidity, two outcomes of carbohydrate malabsorption, can induce colorectal hypersensitivity to distension by altering the excitability and relative proportions of colorectal afferents, suggesting the potential involvement of these factors in the development of abdominal pain.

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Section: Effects Of Ahs On Colorectal Afferents In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminal hypertonicity and acidity modulate colorectal afferents and induce persistent visceral hypersensitivity

Feng

Schwartz

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…Faecal water for measurement of magnesium and the osmotic gap is obtained either by centrifugation or by ®ltration. A ®ltrate can easily be prepared using commercially available ®ltration cones 54 (Centrio membrane cones; Millipore UK Ltd, Watford, UK) and may be preferable in order to minimize the risk of particulate matter blocking analytical instrumentation. Another bene®t of preparing the sample by ®ltration is an increased yield of faecal water when the faecal sample is loose or semi-formed rather than liquid.…”

Section: Samples For Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for surreptitious laxative abuse

Duncan¹

2000

Ann Clin Biochem

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Purgative use, along with blood-letting, has been a mainstay of medical therapy for the last two millennia. Nowadays, prescription laxatives are usually reserved for treating severe constipation or as a bowel washout. 1 However, over-thecounter laxatives are freely available and sold in huge quantities. 2 Chronic laxative use is undoubtedly common and, if excessive, may cause symptoms, the most common being diarrhoea, abdominal pain, general weakness, weight loss, nausea and vomiting. 3 The only sign suggestive

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“…26 Unknown chemical properties of feces can affect binding or inactivation of antibiotic residues. 27 However, there are no studies investigating the effect of human fecal extracts on the sensitivity of E. coli to the veterinary antimicrobial enrofloxacin or on the ability of bacteria to develop resistance to this drug.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kamberi et al34 reported that at lower pH (for example, in urine) the piperazine-containing fluoroquinolones, such as enrofloxacin, are positively charged, which may decrease their penetration into bacteria and thus decrease their activity. Fecal pH generally is 6.4, but ranges from 5.4 to 7.8 among healthy adults35 Enrofloxacin concentration (µg/ml)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sterilized human fecal extract on the sensitivity of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 to enrofloxacin

et al. 2012

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The ingestion of antimicrobial residues in foods of animal origin has the potential risk of exposing colonic bacteria to small concentrations of antibiotics and inducing resistance in the colonic bacteria. To investigate whether human intestinal contents would influence resistance development in bacteria, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC of enrofloxacin <0.03 μg ml(-1)) was exposed to 0.01 to 1 μg ml(-1) of enrofloxacin in media supplemented with glucose, sucrose, sodium acetate or sterilized human fecal extract. In the first passage, only the medium containing sterilized fecal extract supported the growth of E. coli at an enrofloxacin concentration equal to the MIC. In the second and third passages following exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of the drug, the bacteria in media containing sterilized fecal extract grew at 0.1 μg ml(-1) of enrofloxacin. The efflux pump inhibitors, reserpine and carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), increased the sensitivity of bacteria to 0.1 μg ml(-1) of enrofloxacin in the medium containing sucrose, but their effect was not observed in the medium supplemented with 2.5% sterilized fecal extract. The proportions of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in E. coli grown in the medium with 2.5% sterilized fecal extract differed from those grown in the medium alone. Fecal extract may contain unknown factors that augment the ability of E. coli to grow in concentrations of enrofloxacin higher than MIC, both in the presence and absence of efflux pump inhibitors. This is the first study showing that fecal extract affects the level of sensitivity of E. coli to antimicrobial agents.

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A new method for chemical analysis of faeces

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Luminal hypertonicity and acidity modulate colorectal afferents and induce persistent visceral hypersensitivity

Luminal hypertonicity and acidity modulate colorectal afferents and induce persistent visceral hypersensitivity

Screening for surreptitious laxative abuse

Effect of sterilized human fecal extract on the sensitivity of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 to enrofloxacin

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