A New Lectin from the Tuberous Rhizome of Kaempferia rotunda: Isolation, Characterization, Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Activities

Abstract

A lectin (designated as KRL) was purified from the extracts of Kaempferia rotunda Linn. tuberous rhizome by glucose-sepharose affinity chromatography. KRL was determined to be a 29.0 ± 1.0 kDa polypeptide by SDS-PAGE under both reducing and non-reducing conditions. KRL was a divalent ion dependent glycoprotein with 4% neutral sugar which agglutinated different groups of human blood cells. Methyl-α-D-mannopyranoside, D-mannose and methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside were the most potent inhibitors. N-terminal sequence of KRL showed similarity to some mannose/ glucose specific lectins but the main differences with their molecular masses and sugar content. KRL lost its activity markedly in the presence of denaturants and exhibited high agglutination activity from pH 6.0 to 8.2 and temperature 30 to 60° C. The lectin showed toxicity against brine shrimp nauplii with the LC50 value of 18 ± 6 µg/ml and strong agglutination activity against seven pathogenic bacteria. KRL inhibited the growth of six bacteria partially and did not show antifungal activity. In addition, antiproliferative activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells showed 51% and 67% inhibition in vivo in mice administered 1.25 mg/kg/day and 2.5 mg/kg/day of KRL respectively by injection for five days.

Trichosanthes dioica seed lectin inhibits Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells growth in vivo in mice by inducing G 0 /G 1 cell cycle arrest

“…Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6) and compared to the control et al, 2016). In our current study, the death percentage of nauplii was increased exponentially with the increasing concentration of TDSL with LC 50 of 84 μg/ml, suggesting that TDSL was comparatively less toxic than other lectins such as Kaempferia rotunda lectin, Mulberry seed lectin, potato lectins, and Momordica charantia seed lectin (Absar et al, 2005;Imtiaj et al, 2014;Kabir, Hossen, et al, 2011;Kabir et al, 2015) but the lethality was higher in comparison to Nymphaea nouchali tuber lectin as well as with Snake guard seed lectin (Kabir, Islam, et al, 2012).…”

“…EAC cell growth inhibition was very low at a small dose, whereas with a double dose, the cell growth reduction was raised significantly. Dose-dependent EAC cell growth inhibition was also reported for K. rotunda lectin, snake gourd seed lectin, Pea lectin, potato lectin, M. charantia seed lectin, and N. nouchali tuber lectin (Imtiaj et al, 2014;Kabir et al, 2013;Kabir, Hossen, et al, 2011;Kabir, Islam, et al, 2012;Kabir, Nabi, et al, 2015;. In tumor-bearing mice, anemia is a common phenomenon because of RBC or Hb percentage reduction.…”

“…Various types of plant lectins were found to be capable of stopping the proliferation of cancer cells (Imtiaj et al, 2014;Kabir, Hossen, et al, 2011;Kabir & Reza, 2014;Rafiq et al, 2013;Kheeree et al, 2010). The degree of the effectiveness of their antiproliferative activity against cancer cells varies from lectin to lectin because of disparities in their sugar specificity (Yan et al, 2010).…”

“…EAC cells are considered as a suitable model cell line for anticancer drug test because of the absence of H-2 histocompatibility antigens (Chen & Watkins, 1970), which may be the ground behind their accelerated proliferation and made them studying in almost every mouse host. Numerous tests were carried out to evaluate the antiproliferative property of lectins in several cancer cells (Islam et al, 2018(Islam et al, , 2019Kenmochi et al, 2015;Lagarda-Diaz et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2010), only few were reported against EAC cells-bearing mice (Ahmed et al, 1988;Imtiaj et al, 2014;Kabir et al, 2013;Kabir, Hossen, et al, 2011;Kabir, Islam, et al, 2012;. The effect against the cancer cells of the purified TDSL was also tested on EAC cells-bearing mice.…”

“…Several of them show their anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo in mice either inducing apoptosis or proving as cytotoxicity (De Mejía & Prisecaru, 2005;Liu et al, 2010). Nowadays, lectins are at the center of attention to researchers because of their ability to agglutinate cells, inhibit bacterial and fungal growth, and possessing antiviral and antitumor properties (Kabir et al, 2013;Kabir, Hossen, et al, 2011;Kabir, Islam, et al, 2012;Kabir & Reza, 2014;Liu et al, 2010;Rafiq et al, 2013;Sitohy et al, 2007). The galactose-specific lectin named Trichosanthes dioica seed lectin (TDSL) is a glycoprotein having a molecular weight of 55 kDa.…”