“…In the past decades, researchers have studied a series of forward modeling methods, including finite difference methods (Kelly et al, 1976; Day, 1982; Igel et al, 1995; Yang DH et al, 2003, 2004, 2006; Liu SL et al, 2015, Ma X et al, 2018), finite element methods (Lysmer and Drake, 1972; Marfurt, 1984; Liu SL et al, 2014; He XJ et al, 2020), a pseudo‐spectral method (Kosloff and Baysal, 1982), and a spectral element method (Kosloff and Baysal, 1982; Seriani and Priolo, 1994; Komatitsch et al, 2005). These methods are designed to solve different types of questions.…”