A new injector concept for multimode operation in gasoline direct injection engines

Devassy, Bejoy Mandumpala; Bakshi, Shamit; Ramesh, A.

doi:10.1177/1468087413501315

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Higher injection pressures generally have clear advantages like improved atomisation 4 and vaporisation of the fuel, 5 improvement in mixture distribution 6 and decreased particulate emissions. 7 This can result in better charge cooling and lower in-cylinder temperature which could reduce particulate emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and computational studies on the effects of reduced fuel injection pressure and spark plug protrusion on the performance and emissions of a small-bore gasoline direct-injection engine

Jose

Mittal

Ramesh

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Application of direct injection (DI) technology in small-bore engines, the type used in two- and three-wheelers, could improve their performance significantly. It is recognised that the use of high fuel injection pressure is beneficial in large-bore engines for a good mixture preparation. However, simple systems incorporated with low-pressure DI are desirable in small-engine segment of automobiles. Further, high fuel pressures will result in excessive wall wetting when cylinder dimensions are small. Extensive studies were carried out to investigate the minimum fuel injection pressure required for homogeneous and lean modes of operation in such small bore DI engine. The effect of spark plug protrusion in the combustion chamber was also investigated under the spray-guided configuration. Comprehensive experiments and CFD simulations were performed for estimating the engine efficiency, emissions, mixture preparation characteristics, fuel spray and fuel impingement on combustion chamber walls. Results have demonstrated that engine performance and emissions did not deteriorate when fuel injection pressure was reduced from 150 to 50 bar at full load. However, at very low pressures, like 20–30 bar, THC, CO and smoke emissions increased. Fuel injection pressure did not influence the lean limit, that is, equivalence ratio of about 0.77, but influenced the thermal efficiency at lean conditions. In order to attain high efficiency, under lean conditions, a minimum fuel pressure of 80 bar was required. The spark plug protrusion that resulted in a gap of 0.75 mm with respect to the incoming fuel spray cone has given the best engine performance, while higher protrusions affected the tumble flow and led to the stratification of charge near the spark plug, which resulted in elevated CO and smoke emissions. Hence, this work highlights that relatively lower direct injection pressures are suitable in small bore engines, which will impact the development of cost effective components for such applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and computational studies on the effects of reduced fuel injection pressure and spark plug protrusion on the performance and emissions of a small-bore gasoline direct-injection engine

Jose

Mittal

Ramesh

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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show abstract

“…However, in these engines, the mixture stratification is very sensitive to engine operating conditions, viz., engine speed, load, and fuel injection parameters. 2 At high loads, the GDI engine is operated under homogeneous conditions because of the high-power demand. Under these conditions, NO x and soot emissions are higher.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of direct water injection and injector configurations on performance and emission characteristics of a gasoline direct injection engine: A computational fluid dynamics analysis

Raut

Mallikarjuna

2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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In-cylinder water injection is a promising approach for reducing NOx and soot emissions from internal combustion engines. It allows one to use a higher compression ratio by reducing engine knock; hence, higher fuel economy and power output can be achieved. However, water injection can also affect engine combustion and emission characteristics if water injection and injector parameters are not properly set. Majority of the previous studies on the water injection are done through experiments. Therefore, subtle aspects of water injection such as in-cylinder interaction of water sprays, spatial distribution of water vapor, and effect on flame propagation are not clearly understood and rarely reported in literature due to experimental limitations. Thus, in the present article, a computational fluid dynamics investigation is carried out to analyze the effects of direct water injection under various injector configurations on water evaporation, combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a gasoline direct injection engine. The emphasis is given to analyze in-cylinder water spray interactions, flame propagation, water spray droplet size distribution, and water vapor spatial distribution inside the engine cylinder. For the study, the water-to-fuel ratio is varied from 0 to 1. Various water injector configurations using nozzle hole diameters of 0.14, 0.179, and 0.205 mm, along with nozzle holes of 4, 5, 6, and 7, are considered for comparison in addition to the case of no_water. Computational fluid dynamics models used in this study are validated with the available data in literature. From the results, it is found that the emission and performance characteristics of the engine are highly dependent on water evaporation characteristics. Also, the water-to-fuel ratio of 0.6 with 6 number of nozzle holes and the nozzle diameter of 0.14 mm results in the highest indicated mean effective pressure and the lowest NOx, soot, and CO emissions compared to other cases considered.

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Effect of Fuel Injection Timing on the Mixture Preparation in a Small Gasoline Direct-Injection Engine

Jose¹,

Parsi²,

Shridhara³

et al. 2018

SAE Technical Paper Series

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A new injector concept for multimode operation in gasoline direct injection engines

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Experimental and computational studies on the effects of reduced fuel injection pressure and spark plug protrusion on the performance and emissions of a small-bore gasoline direct-injection engine

Experimental and computational studies on the effects of reduced fuel injection pressure and spark plug protrusion on the performance and emissions of a small-bore gasoline direct-injection engine

Effects of direct water injection and injector configurations on performance and emission characteristics of a gasoline direct injection engine: A computational fluid dynamics analysis

Effect of Fuel Injection Timing on the Mixture Preparation in a Small Gasoline Direct-Injection Engine

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