A new high pressure equation of state for seawater

Millero, Frank J.; Chen, Chen‐Tung Arthur; Bradshaw, Alvin; Schleicher, Karl E.

doi:10.1016/0198-0149(80)90016-3

Cited by 238 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The buoyancy flux ( F ) into the ocean surface is given by the following equation: where Q net is the net heat flux and S is the SSS in psu and g the gravity. The density of water at the sea surface (ρ), the specific heat capacity ( C p ) and the temperature expansion (α) and haline contraction coefficients (β) have been determined using the classical Millero et al [1973, 1980] equations. This analysis requires the use of a rescaled buoyancy flux ( F *), that splits into thermal ( F * T ) and saline ( F * S ) contributions: with Note that a heat loss ( Q net ≤ 0) or net evaporation ( E ≥ P ) results in a negative thermal or saline contribution to the rescaled flux F *.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 1 year sea surface heat budget in the northeastern Atlantic basin during the POMME experiment: 2. Flux optimization

Caniaux¹

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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Gridded air‐sea fluxes were computed during a 1 year period by applying a synthesis approach (Caniaux et al., 2005) as part of the Programme Océan Multidisciplinaire Méso Echelle (POMME) (September 2000–October 2001 in the northeast Atlantic 21°–15°W, 38°–45°N). In the present paper we address the question of adjusting the precipitation and turbulent surface fluxes so that the corresponding heat, salt, and momentum budgets are in agreement with the evolution of the thermal and salt contents deduced from the data collected during the experiment. The proposed method is based on the one‐dimensional modeling of the whole POMME area by solving specific temperature and salinity equations (including advective terms) and on the optimization of adjustable coefficients with a genetic algorithm. Adjusted fluxes allow us to simulate the average sea surface temperature and salinity with errors less than 0.02°C and 0.02 psu, respectively, over 1 year. The corresponding new surface heat budget indicates that the adjusted annual net heat (+17 W m−2) is weaker than previously calculated (+33 W m−2) but remains positive, meaning a heat gain for the ocean. The adjusted annual salt budget reveals a net evaporation of 0.75 mm d−1 for the POMME region. In contrast with climatology we find that the zone is located southward of the null buoyancy flux area during September 2000–September 2001.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 1 year sea surface heat budget in the northeastern Atlantic basin during the POMME experiment: 2. Flux optimization

Caniaux¹

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The high-pressure PVT properties of pure water determined from the sound speed equation (Chen et al 1977a, b) are in good agreement with the direct measurement of Bradshaw and Schleicher (1986) and are used as part of the equation of state of seawater (Millero et al 1980) from these two studies (0-40°C). The coefficients of Eqs.…”

Section: Equation Of State Of Water From 0 To 100°cmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In this review, a new formulation of the densities of water over a range of 0-150 and 200°C and applied pressure from 0 to 1,000 bar is examined. These results over the temperature range of 0-40°C and 0-1,000 bar have been used in the equation of state of seawater (Millero et al 1980; The values (%) of NaCl and MgSO 4 are the sum of the ions. The salinity (S) is the sum of the mass of the components, and the ionic strength (I = P Z i 2 m i ) is based on the molality (m i ) and charge (Z i ) of the components Millero and Poisson 1981).…”

Section: Pvt Properties Of Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties of Natural Brines

Millero

2008

Aquat Geochem

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The physical chemistry of natural brines made up of mostly NaCl has been studied over the years. In this article, the work on the thermodynamics and kinetics of processes in NaCl brines will be examined. The importance of ionic interactions of the processes will be stressed. This will include the pressure-volume-temperature and physicalchemical properties of NaCl and other brine salts from 0 to 6 m, 0 to 200°C, and 0 to 1,000 bar applied pressures. Acid-base, gas-liquid, solid-liquid, and ion-complex formation processes in NaCl are examined. Equations that can be used to estimate the equilibria in NaCl are given. Pitzer models are discussed that can be used to estimate ionic equilibria in brines. The oxidation of Fe(II) and Cu(I) with O 2 and H 2 O 2 and the reduction of Cu(II) with H 2 O 2 in NaCl are examined in terms of ionic complexes of metals with OHand CO 3 2-. The oxidation of H 2 S with O 2 and H 2 O 2 is also examined in NaCl media. Equations are given that can be used to estimate the effect of ionic interactions on kinetic processes in NaCl.

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“…The effects of hydraulic rebound on bulk density and porosity at Site U1475 have been calculated by considering the difference between laboratory and in situ sea water densities (Millero et al, 1980) but the rebound effect is smaller (<1%) than the measurement uncertainties and is thus neglected for the purpose of this investigation.…”

Section: In Situ Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Seismic Stratigraphy in the Indian‐Atlantic Ocean Gateway Resembles Major Paleo‐Oceanographic Changes of the Last 7 Ma

Gruetzner

Jiménez‐Espejo

Lathika

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The exchange of water masses between the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic constitutes an integral interocean link in the global thermohaline circulation. Long‐term changes in deep water flow have been studied using seismic reflection profiles but the seismic stratigraphy was poorly constrained and not resolved for the time period from the late Miocene onward. Here we present results from International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1475 (Agulhas Plateau) located over a sediment drift proximal to the entrance of North Atlantic Deep Water into the Southern Ocean and South Indian Ocean. Site U1475 comprises a complete carbonate‐rich stratigraphic section of the last ~7 Ma that provides an archive of climate‐induced variations in ocean circulation. Six marker reflectors occurring in the upper 300 m of the drift are identified here for the first time. The formation of these reflectors is mainly due to density changes that are mostly caused by changes in biogenic versus terrigenous sediment deposition. Synthetic seismograms allow age assignments for the horizons based on biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy. Prominent reflectors are related to late Pleistocene glacial/interglacial variability, the middle and early Pleistocene transitions, and the onset of the northern hemisphere glaciation. A peculiar early Pliocene interval (~5.3–4.0 Ma) bounded by two reflectors is characterized by fourfold elevated sedimentation rates (>10 cm/kyr) and the occurrence of sediment waves. We argue that this enhanced sediment transport to the Agulhas Plateau was caused by a reorganization of the bottom current circulation pattern due to maximized inflow of North Atlantic Deep Water.

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A new high pressure equation of state for seawater

Cited by 238 publications

References 8 publications

A 1 year sea surface heat budget in the northeastern Atlantic basin during the POMME experiment: 2. Flux optimization

A 1 year sea surface heat budget in the northeastern Atlantic basin during the POMME experiment: 2. Flux optimization

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties of Natural Brines

A New Seismic Stratigraphy in the Indian‐Atlantic Ocean Gateway Resembles Major Paleo‐Oceanographic Changes of the Last 7 Ma

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