A new furovirus infecting barley in France closely related to the Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic virus

Abstract

In April 2001, stunted barley plants bearing mosaic symptoms were observed in a field in France (Marne Department, 51). Rod-shaped and flexuous particles were visualized by electron microscopy and positive serological reactions were detected by ELISA with Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) polyclonal antisera. The tubular virus which was soil transmissible to barley cv. Esterel was separated from BaYMV by serial mechanical inoculations to barley cv. Esterel. This furo-like virus, in contrast to a French isolate of SBCMV, could be transmitted to Hordeum vulgare, Avena sativa, Beta vulgaris and Datura stramonium. RT-PCR was used to amplify the 3¢-terminal 1500 nucleotides of RNA1 and the almost complete sequence of RNA2. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses revealed that the French virus infecting barley is closely related to a Japanese isolate of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV-JT) which was originally isolated from barley. This French isolate was named SBWMV-Mar. The 3¢ UTRs of both RNAs can be folded into tRNA-like structures which are preceded by a predicted upstream pseudoknot domain with seven and four pseudoknots for RNA1 and RNA2, respectively. The four pseudoknots strongly conserved in RNAs 1 and 2 of SBWMV-Mar show strong similarities to those described earlier in SBWMV RNA2 and were also found in the 3¢ UTR of Oat golden stripe virus RNAs 1 and 2 and Chinese wheat mosaic virus RNA2. Sequence analyses revealed that the RNAs 2 of SBWMV-Mar and -JT are likely to be the product of a recombination event between the 3¢ UTRs of the RNAs 2 of SBWMV and SBCMV. This is the first report of the occurrence of an isolate closely related to SBWMV-JT outside of Japan.

Ribosomal DNA analyses reveal greater sequence variation in Polymyxa species than previously thought and indicate the possibility of new ribotype‐host‐virus associations

“…This finding seemed more consistent with the fact that, in Europe, SBWMV had only been observed at Heddesheim in Germany (Koenig and Huth, ). However, SBWMV was recently reported in the Marne department of North East France (Hariri and Meyer, ) indicating that SBWMV may be more common in Europe than originally thought. It is possible that both SBCMV and SBWMV are present at René.…”

“…However, recent sequence analysis of the genomes of these two viruses led to their designation as separate species as they only share 60–80% amino acid identity (Diao et al ., ; Koenig and Huth, ; Shirako et al ., ; Torrance and Koenig, ). The finding that wheat and barley grown in René soil were positive for SBCMV/SBWMV suggested that SBWMV was present at this location given known host ranges for these viruses; SBWMV infects both wheat and barley, but infection of barley by SBCMV has yet to be reported (Vallega et al ., ; Kastirr et al ., ; Hariri and Meyer, ; Lyons et al ., ). However, the genome sequence of a virus from the same location was shown to be SBCMV by Diao and colleagues ().…”

A major QTL for resistance to soil-borne cereal mosaic virus derived from an old Italian durum wheat cultivar

“…Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV), soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV), and Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) are closely related furoviruses (Shirako et al 2000;Torrance and Koenig 2005;Hariri and Meyer 2007) that can infect durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), common wheat (T. aestivum L. var.…”

Oligogenic control of resistance to soil‐borne viruses SBCMV and WSSMV in rye (Secale cereale L.)

“…). SBCMV is a member of the genus Furovirus , in the family Virgaviridae (Hariri and Meyer , King et al. ).…”