A new fibrin sealant as a three-dimensional scaffold candidate for mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

IntroductionThe optimization of an organic scaffold for specific types of applications and cells is vital to successful tissue engineering. In this study, we investigated the effects of a new fibrin sealant derived from snake venom as a scaffold for mesenchymal stem cells, to demonstrate the ability of cells to affect and detect the biological microenvironment.MethodsThe characterization of CD34, CD44 and CD90 expression on mesenchymal stem cells was performed by flow cytometry. In vitro growth and cell viability were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Differentiation into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages was induced.ResultsThe fibrin sealant did not affect cell adhesion, proliferation or differentiation and allowed the adherence and growth of mesenchymal stem cells on its surface. Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide staining demonstrated the viability of mesenchymal stem cells in contact with the fibrin sealant and the ability of the biomaterial to maintain cell survival.ConclusionsThe new fibrin sealant is a three-dimensional scaffolding candidate that is capable of maintaining cell survival without interfering with differentiation, and might also be useful in drug delivery. Fibrin sealant has a low production cost, does not transmit infectious diseases from human blood and has properties of a suitable scaffold for stem cells because it permits the preparation of differentiated scaffolds that are suitable for every need.

Hydroxyapatite and a New Fibrin Sealant Derived from Snake Venom as Scaffold to Treatment of Cranial Defects in Rats

“…The ability of FS to capture and promote cell adhesion on its surface and the presence of cellular extensions into the interior of fibrin scaffold was demonstrated using transmission electron microscopy showing a uniform surface, forming an intensive 3D network of fibrin. With these observations of Gasparotto et al 19 suggests that good results obtained in this study regarding bone formation in the skull defect of the animals, is directly related to bone cell affinity in the new sealant.…”

“…These properties are essential for cell growth and proliferation. In this respect, research demonstrated in vitro the migration and adhesion of mesenchymal cells to this snake venom-derived new sealant and thus can be used as an implant for bone repair 19 . Okamoto et al 37 concluded that conventional fibrin sealant does not present adequate osteogenic activity when applied to bone defects created in rats.…”

“…It might also be useful in drug delivery. The fibrin sealant has a low production cost, does not transmit infectious diseases from human blood and has properties of a suitable scaffold for stem cells because it permits the preparation of differentiated scaffolds that are suitable for every need 19,[24][25][26] . An inflammatory response and clot formation occurs during the first weeks of repair of bone defects grafted with porous biomaterials.…”

“…Gasparotto et al 19 used a new fibrin sealant (FS) derived from snake venom to evaluated the in vitro growth and cell viability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and showed potential as a three-dimensional scaffold, maintaining cell survival without promoting differentiation. The ability of FS to capture and promote cell adhesion on its surface and the presence of cellular extensions into the interior of fibrin scaffold was demonstrated using transmission electron microscopy showing a uniform surface, forming an intensive 3D network of fibrin.…”

“…In addition, patients may develop antibodies against bovine thrombin 13 . In an attempt to overcome these difficulties, another sealant consisting of a thrombin-like enzyme extracted from snake venom and fibrinogen obtained from large animals to replace human components has shown excellent results in experimental studies on the regeneration of different tissues [14][15][16][17][18] , in mesenchymal cell cultures 19 , and in the healing of skin wound, venous ulcers and gingival graft sutures in humans 20,21 . This new sealant is a biodegradable product that does not cause adverse reactions, does not contain human blood components, has good adhesive capacity, and does not transmit infectious diseases 22 .…”