A new Diamentor for measuring kerma‐area product and air‐kerma simultaneously

Gfirtner, H.; Stieve, F.E.; Wild, Johannes

doi:10.1118/1.598109

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…65 In addition, the dose area product ͑DAP͒ meters measure and display a radiation quantity that can be used as a benchmark to judge the radiation used in the examination and to estimate the potential for radiation induced bioeffects by using conversion factors to convert the DAP measurements into effective doses. [65][66][67][68] The radiology staff that performs fluoroscopy procedures are protected by leaded ͑or composite͒ protective apparel and mobile shields, which attenuates the scattered x-rays in the procedure rooms. 69,70 Various types of thermoluminescent dosimeters ͑TLDs͒ or solid state radiation monitors are routinely used to monitor the radiation doses of clinical staff who perform the fluoroscopy examina-tions in order to control their radiation exposures.…”

Section: Fluoroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of patient dosimetry in diagnostic radiology in the USA for the past

2008

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This review covers the role of medical physics in addressing issues directly related to patient dosimetry in radiography, fluoroscopy, mammography, and CT. The sections on radiography and fluoroscopy radiation doses review the changes that have occurred during the last 50 to 60 years. A number of technological improvements have contributed to both a significant reduction in patient and staff radiation doses and improvements to the image quality during this period of time. There has been a transition from film-screen radiography with hand dip film processing to electronic digital imaging utilizing CR and DR. Similarly, fluoroscopy has progressed by directly viewing image intensifiers in darkened rooms to modern flat panel image receptor systems utilizing pulsed radiation, automated variable filtration, and digitally processed images. Mammography is one of the most highly optimized imaging procedures performed, because it is a repetitive screening procedure that results in annual radiation exposure. Mammography is also the only imaging procedure in the United States in which the radiation dose is regulated by the federal government. Consequently, many medical physicists have studied the dosimetry associated with screen-film and digital mammography. In this review, a brief history of mammography dose assessment by medical physicists is discussed. CT was introduced into clinical practice in the early 1970s, and has grown into one of the most important modalities available for diagnostic imaging. CT dose quantities and measurement techniques are described, and values of radiation dose for different types of scanner are presented. Organ and effective doses to adult patients are surveyed from the earliest single slice scanners, to the latest versions that include up to two x-ray tubes and can incorporate as many as 256 detector channels. An overview is provided of doses received by pediatric patients undergoing CT examinations, as well as methods, and results, of studies performed to assess the radiation absorbed by the conceptus of pregnant patients.

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Section: Fluoroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of patient dosimetry in diagnostic radiology in the USA for the past

2008

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“…Mit einem an anderer Stelle beschriebenen Verfahren [16] wurden die Einfallsdosis (K E ) und das Dosisflächenprodukt gemessen. Ferner wurde die Oberflächendosis (K O ) auf der Strahleneintrittsseite des Patienten und die Austrittsdosis (K A ) mit TLDs bestimmt.…”

Section: Methodeunclassified

Untersuchungen über die Konstanz der mittleren optischen Dichte bei konventionellen Röntgen-Thorax-Aufnahmen

Stieve

Rupp²,

Niederhofer³

et al. 2002

Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr

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Digitization of the radiograph enables the determination of the physical parameters used to operate the imaging system, such as medium optical density, image contrast, image latitude and density distribution, in accordance to the guidelines of the German Medical Association. If the region of interest encompasses the clinically relevant region of the lung, the measured value of the optical density corresponds with only minor variation to the average value of the entire lung region.

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“…2) Stochastic effects, which correlate reasonably well with DAP measurements. DAP can be easily obtained during the procedure using an instrument attached to the x-ray tube or inferred from knowledge of technique factors [9,10] .…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient dosimetry in diagnostic and interventional radiology: a practical approach using trigger levels

Faulkner¹,

Ortiz-López²,

Vañó³

2005

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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Patient dosimetry is performed in radiology and interventional radiology to assess whether deterministic injuries may occur and to establish the risk of stochastic effects. A fundamental problem for patient dosimetry is that no single quantity can be used to accurately assess both the risk of stochastic effects and whether deterministic injuries will occur following a specific examination or procedure. In cardiology and interventional radiology, two different approaches to patient dosimetry are commonly used. Effective dose is a quantity which correlates reasonably well with the risk of stochastic effects. Effective dose may be deduced from the dose-area product (DAP) for the procedure if sufficient information is known. DAP does not correlate with maximum skin dose, which may be used to predict whether deterministic injuries may occur. DAP meter readings may be used as a trigger level for the investigation of maximum skin entrance dose. Trigger levels for different procedures are proposed.

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A new Diamentor for measuring kerma‐area product and air‐kerma simultaneously

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Overview of patient dosimetry in diagnostic radiology in the USA for the past

Overview of patient dosimetry in diagnostic radiology in the USA for the past

Untersuchungen über die Konstanz der mittleren optischen Dichte bei konventionellen Röntgen-Thorax-Aufnahmen

Patient dosimetry in diagnostic and interventional radiology: a practical approach using trigger levels

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