A new concept in station arrester design

Sakshaug, E. C.; Kresge, J. S.; Miske, S.A.

doi:10.1109/t-pas.1977.32376

Cited by 121 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…During dry-band arcing, conditions that occur on polluted housings of the gaps can flaslh over repeatedly, causing arrester thermal runaway [20]. The gaps also deteriorate with operation and moisture.…”

Section: Silicon Carbide Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulation system protection with zinc oxide surge arresters

Bialek¹

1999

IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Key Words: Zinc oxide, surge arresters, arrester selection ver since the first lines were strung, electrical storms and other natural phenomenon have caused voltage surges to occur in the connected system. Surges due to lightning and line switching cause instantaneous and incipient failures. As the systems have grown more complex, available fault current levels have risen, requiring sophisticated surge protection schemes.Spark gaps were the earliest form of overvoltage protection. Due to problems with power frequency follow-through current, current-limiting spark gaps with a series impedance were ultimately developed. The silicon carbide (Sic) arresters with magnetically blown spark gaps were the epitome of this form of overvoltage protection. [1,84]. Surge capacitors and inductors were also utilized in certain applications to limit the overvoltages produced in the system.Insulation coordination standards and guides for the application of surge protective devices developed, which provided a basis for the selection of surge protective devices. [21,27,[93][94][95]. These standards required a minimum protective margin for front-of-wave, standard impulse and switching surge levels, which, based on experience, should provide adequate protection for the life of the equipment, typically 30 or 40 years.As the transmission voltage levels increased, the equipment insulation levels decreased. For equipment such as transformers, the ratio of the basic impulse insulation level, BIL, to system voltage decreases with increasing system voltage [92]. While there are many explanations for this decreasing ratio, the need to reduce equipment size and costs along with the awarding of contracts on the basis of lowest cost have been very important. Ultimately, the need for better protective margins drove the surge arrester manufacturers to develop improved forms of surge protection. In 1968, Dr. M. Matsuoka and his colleagues at Matsushita Electric Co. discovered zinc oxide (ZnO) varistors [83].This paper deals first briefly with the Sic versus ZnO arrester arguments that have led to the wide acceptance of ZnO as the arrester of choice in most applications. ZnO fundamentals and performance issues are discussed. This paper is intended to be a brief tutorial on ZnO surge arresters, and Tom Bialek Pacific Gas and Electric Companythe reader is encouraged to consult the reference section and the literature for more detailed informatison [82]. Silicon Carbide limitationsSic arresters have several fundamental limitations: the Sic valve elements, the gaps, and the power follow-through current. The element's nonlinearity coefficient is typically of the range 2 to 6 and also has a negative temperature coefficient [l, 2,20, 841. During arrester operation the valve element impedance decreases, which allows a higher value of power frequency current to flow, which must be cleared by the gaps necessary to isolate the arrester from nominal system voltages. Multiple series current-limiiting gaps are utilized to improve the gap reliability versus , % si...

show abstract

Section: Silicon Carbide Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulation system protection with zinc oxide surge arresters

Bialek¹

1999

IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…5 The diverter is in circuit continuously, but because of its highly nonlinear characteristic the current drawn under normal conditions is extremely small. The characteristic may be expressed in the form / = KV n with n taking values of the order of 10 to 40.…”

Section: Nonlinear Resistormentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital-Computer Simulation of Virtual-Current Chopping in Vacuum Circuit Breakers

Bickford

1979

IEE J. Electr. Power Appl. UK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Later large metal oxide varistors were developed and applied to large station surge arrestors (18). No device, however, was available in a rating suitable for power distribution systems.…”

Section: Varistorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surge Protection Techniques in Low-Voltage AC Power Systems

Martzloff¹

1979

INTELEC - 1979 International Telecommunications Energy Conference

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new concept in station arrester design

Cited by 121 publications

References 5 publications

Insulation system protection with zinc oxide surge arresters

Insulation system protection with zinc oxide surge arresters

Digital-Computer Simulation of Virtual-Current Chopping in Vacuum Circuit Breakers

Surge Protection Techniques in Low-Voltage AC Power Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About