A New Composite Fractal Function and Its Application in Image Encryption

Agarwal, Shafali

doi:10.3390/jimaging6070070

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“… Agarwal (2020) presented the CFF technique, composite fractal function (CFF) is the combination of two distant Mandelbrot sets having a single threshold value. A z-scanned fractal pattern is used for increasing randomness in the image by applying random fractal matrix and Henon map-based plain image pixel scrambling.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A strong construction of S-box using Mandelbrot set an image encryption scheme

Aslam

Beg

Anjum

et al. 2022

PeerJ Computer Science

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The substitution box (S-box) plays a vital role in creating confusion during the encryption process of digital data. The quality of encryption schemes depends upon the S-box. There have been several attempts to enhance the quality of the S-box by using fractal chaotic mechanisms. However, there is still weakness in the robustness against cryptanalysis of fractal-based S-boxes. Due to their chaotic behavior, fractals are frequently employed to achieve randomness by confusion and diffusion process. A complex number-based S-box and a chaotic map diffusion are proposed to achieve high nonlinearity and low correlation. This study proposed a Mandelbrot set S-box construction based on the complex number and Chen chaotic map for resisting cryptanalytic attacks by creating diffusion in our proposed algorithm. The cryptosystem was built on the idea of substitution permutation networks (SPN). The complex nature of the proposed S-box makes it more random than other chaotic maps. The robustness of the proposed system was analyzed by different analysis properties of the S-box, such as nonlinearity, strict avalanche criterion, Bit independent criterion, and differential and linear probability. Moreover, to check the strength of the proposed S-box against differential and brute force attacks, we performed image encryption with the proposed S-box. The security analysis was performed, including statistical attack analysis and NIST analysis. The analysis results show that the proposed system achieves high-security standards than existing schemes.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A strong construction of S-box using Mandelbrot set an image encryption scheme

Aslam

Beg

Anjum

et al. 2022

PeerJ Computer Science

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show abstract

“…There are also images that contain sensitive information such as military secrets, commercial information, and government documents. Moreover, when images are transmitted in public networks, security threats such as interception, tampering, and copying may be encountered [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Therefore, the image security issue has attracted more and more attention from scholars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Complex Network Scrambling and Multi-Directional Diffusion

Sheng

et al. 2022

Entropy

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Various security threats are encountered when keys are transmitted in public channels. In this paper, we propose an image encryption algorithm based on complex network scrambling and multi-directional diffusion. Combining the idea of public key cryptography, the RSA algorithm is used to encrypt the key related to plaintext. The algorithm consists of three stages: key generation stage, complex network scrambling stage, and multi-directional diffusion stage. Firstly, during the key generation phase, SHA-512 and the original image are used to generate plaintext-related information, which is then converted to plaintext-related key through transformation mapping. Secondly, in the complex network scrambling stage, the chaotic random matrix establishes the node relationships in the complex network, which is then used to construct an image model based on the complex network, and then combines pixel-level and block-level methods to scramble images. Finally, in the multi-directional diffusion stage, the multi-directional diffusion method is used to perform forward diffusion, middle spiral diffusion, and backward diffusion on the image in turn to obtain the final ciphertext image. The experimental results show that our encryption algorithm has a large keyspace, the encrypted image has strong randomness and robustness, and can effectively resist brute force attack, statistical attack, and differential attack.

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“…With the development of the Internet and multimedia technology, more and more image information is transmitted on the network. Because images contain a lot of information with intuitive visual effects, they have gradually become an important information carrier in social interactions [1][2][3][4]. At the same time, images also play an important role in the fields of medicine, military, and aerospace [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bit‐level image encryption algorithm based on fully‐connected‐like network and random modification of edge pixels

Sheng

et al. 2022

IET Image Processing

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A bit-level image encryption algorithm based on Fully-Connected-Like network(FCLN) and random modification of edge pixels is proposed. In the paper, in order to enhance the security of the cryptographic system, random noise is first used to modify the least significant bits of the edge pixels of the image, and the modified image is used as the input image. Later,the chaotic sequence is used to perform cyclic shift transformation on the image. In the subsequent steps, the FCLN is generated based on a fully connected neural network, which can perform scrambling and diffusion operations on the input image. Finally, the bidirectional diffusion method is used to diffuse the image forward and backward. In addition, the image after the edge pixel modification is convolved with the chaotic sequence, and the initial value of the chaotic system is set by the result to establish the correlation between the plain image and the algorithm, which makes the algorithm resistant to known/chosen plaintext attack. Experimental results show that although the image is modified by random noise, the decrypted image is visually the same as the original image. At the same time, through the analysis of common attacks such as differential attacks, noise attacks, and data loss attacks, our algorithm shows high security.

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A New Composite Fractal Function and Its Application in Image Encryption

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

A strong construction of S-box using Mandelbrot set an image encryption scheme

A strong construction of S-box using Mandelbrot set an image encryption scheme

An Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Complex Network Scrambling and Multi-Directional Diffusion

Bit‐level image encryption algorithm based on fully‐connected‐like network and random modification of edge pixels

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