A new class of electroactive Fe- and P-functionalized graphene for oxygen reduction

Razmjooei, Fatemeh; Singh, Kiran; Bae, Eun Jin; Yu, Jong‐Sung

doi:10.1039/c5ta00970g

Cited by 101 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…198 experimentally; the obtained PG displayed a competitive ORR performance with an onset potential of 23.5 mV only (negatively shifted from that of Pt/C), n values higher than 3.6 and an extraordinary stability with 3.57 % current loss after 16 000 s. 135 Furthermore, Yu's group investigated the synergistic effect between P dopants and metal centres (Fe) in graphene materials for ORR, which generates the electrochemically active Fe-P species. 199 Interestingly, PG becomes active in acidic medium due to the excellent blend of Fe and P functionalization and improved active surface area. value, whereas an ortho B atom directly bonded to N as BN having the lowest activity owing to the lack of the C bridge (Figure 9f).…”

Section: Pg Based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heteroatom-Doped Graphene-Based Materials for Energy-Relevant Electrocatalytic Processes

et al. 2015

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To address the aggravating energy and environment issues, the cheap, highly active, and durable electrocatalysts as noble metal substitutes both at the anode and cathode are actively pursued. Among them, heteroatom-doped graphene-based materials show extraordinary electrocatalytic performance, some even close to or outperforming the state-of-the-art noble metals such as Pt and IrO 2 -based materials. This review provides a concise appraisal on graphene doping methods, the possible doping configurations and their unique electrochemical properties, including single-and double-doping with N, B, S, and P. In addition, heteroatom-doped graphene-based materials are reviewed as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction (ORR), hydrogen evolution (HER), and oxygen evolution reactions (OER) in terms of their electrocatalytic mechanisms and performance. Significantly, three-dimensional (3D) heteroatom-doped graphene structures have been discussed, especially those that can be directly utilized as catalyst electrodes without extra binders and supports.

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Section: Pg Based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heteroatom-Doped Graphene-Based Materials for Energy-Relevant Electrocatalytic Processes

et al. 2015

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“…[21][22][23] Recently, phosphorus, which is a group 15 heteroatom (located in the same group as N) with similar chemical properties as nitrogen, has attracted considerable attention. [24][25][26] Due to the difference in diameter and electronegativity, P-doping of carbon materials exhibit a vast difference against the N element. The theoretical calculation confirmed that P doping of carbon material has higher electron-donor properties, higher adsorption for O 2 , and higher oxidation potential than the N atom, 27,28 suggesting that P doping of carbon is a promising ORR catalyst.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Fe, Co Incorporated in P-Doped Porous Carbon Using a Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Precursor as Stable Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Wang

Guo

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Heteroatom-doped porous carbon materials have recently attracted significant attention due to their superior catalytic activities for an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Transition metals co-doped with heteroatom are considered to have positive effects on improving ORR catalytic activity and stability. We report a series of novel Fe, Co incorporated in P-doped carbon materials, which give high ORR performance by an in-situ carbonization method. The ratios of the two metals and the carbonization temperatures are the key factors for the electrocatalytic activity. Due to the synergistic effect of the two transition metals, the Fe, Co incorporated in P-doped porous carbon sample, carbonized at 900 • C, shows the highest catalytic activity and stability. Electrochemical measurements show that Fe, Co incorporated in P-doped porous carbon materials are promising electrocatalysts to substitute Pt-based catalysts for fuel cells application. With the increasing environmental pollution caused by the use of fossil fuels, it is of great urgency to develop renewable energy conversion and storage devices, such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries, which are beneficial to environmental protection. The disadvantage of the present technologies is due to the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics at the cathode, which consequently limits the working efficiency of these devices, thereby creating a need for extra ORR catalysts to increase the reaction rate. The most popular and efficient ORR catalyst is the commercial Pt/C (Pt nanoparticles loading on the carbon (XC-72)). However, due to its expensive cost, poor durability, and CO poisoning in the reaction, 1-5 the need to explore new efficient, durable, and cheap catalysts to substitute the Pt/C is urgent. In past decades, several alternatives have been developed, such as noble metal-based nanoparticles, 5,6 non-noble metal catalysts, 7,8 and metal-free materials. 9 Heteroatom-doped carbon materials are the representatives of the metal-free materials and the mechanism of the reduction of oxygen has been widely investigated. There is a consensus that the pyridine-like N and graphite-like N (also called quaternary N) are more active than the pyrrole-type N in the N-doped carbon materials for ORR. 10,11 In general, the excellent ORR catalytic activity is ascribed to the heteroatom-doped carbon material increasing the asymmetry of the carbon atomic spin density in accordance with the theoretical calculations.12,13 In 2013, Masa et al. verified that the trace amount of transition metal with heteroatom co-doped in carbon materials significantly improve the catalyst activity.14 The meticulous research showed that transition metal-doped carbon would intensify the asymmetry of the carbon atomic spin density to promote ORR. 14,15 Thus, designing transition metal-heteroatom-C electrocatalysts is applicable to improving the ORR catalytic activity. For example, Mu et al. synthesized a novel three-dimensions (3D) Fe-N-nanocarbon intercalated graphene catalyst, which possesses a high ...

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“…The HPSs were thermally treated at 650 • C for 3 h with a heating rate of 2 • C min −1 in NH 3 atmosphere at a gas flow rate of 40 sccm to obtain NHCSs.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, fuel cells have been attracting lots of attention due to their high energy conversion efficiency for converting chemical energy into electricity [1][2][3][4][5]. The entire reaction process occurring in fuel cells contains two half-reactions; one is the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode and the other is the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) taking place at the anode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Carbon Spheres with Embedded Co Nanoparticles as Active Non-Noble-Metal Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Xing

Zhou

et al. 2018

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Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni) complexes on carbon nanomaterials are promising candidates as electrocatalysts towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this paper, nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres with embedded Co nanoparticles were successfully prepared via a controllable synthesis strategy. The morphology characterization shows that the hollow carbon spheres possess an average diameter of~150 nm with a narrow size distribution and a shell thickness of~14.5 nm. The content of N doping ranges from 2.1 to 6.6 at.% depending on the calcination temperature from 900 to 1050 • C. Compared with commercial Pt/C, the Co-containing nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres prepared at 900 • C (CoNHCS-900) as an ORR electrocatalyst shows a half-wave potential shift of only ∆E 1/2 = 55 mV, but a superior stability of about 90.2% maintenance after 20,000 s in the O 2 -saturated 0.1 M KOH at a rotating speed of 1600 rpm. This could be ascribed to the synergistic effects of N-containing moieties, Co-N x species, and Co nanoparticles, which significantly increase the density of active sites and promote the charge transfer during the ORR process.

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A new class of electroactive Fe- and P-functionalized graphene for oxygen reduction

Abstract: A new class of electroactive Fe- and P-functionalized reduced graphene oxide is prepared, which illustrates high ORR activity both in alkaline and acidic conditions due to its high surface area and formation of active Fe–P complex.

Cited by 101 publications

References 59 publications

Heteroatom-Doped Graphene-Based Materials for Energy-Relevant Electrocatalytic Processes

Heteroatom-Doped Graphene-Based Materials for Energy-Relevant Electrocatalytic Processes

Synthesis of Fe, Co Incorporated in P-Doped Porous Carbon Using a Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Precursor as Stable Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Carbon Spheres with Embedded Co Nanoparticles as Active Non-Noble-Metal Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

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