A New Chemometric Strategy in Electrochemical Method Optimization for the Quantification of Cefdinir in Tablets, Effervescent Tablets and Suspension Samples

Abstract

A new voltammetric method, based on the use of single‐use pencil graphite electrode, was developed for the quantitative determination of cefdinir by square wave voltammetry. Chemometric optimization strategy was used to select the suitable values for three experimental parameters (pH of the supporting electrolyte, frequency and square wave amplitude) by applying a 33 full factorial design model. The optimal voltammetric conditions were found to be pH 5.0 for supporting electrolyte (Britton‐Robinson buffer), 43 mV for square wave amplitude and 108 Hz for frequency. Square wave voltammograms of calibration, validation and unknown samples were recorded between 0.0–1400 mV under the optimized voltammetric conditions. Linear regression equation was computed in the linear working range of 0.5–20 μg/mL by using the relationship between the concentration and peak current at 600 mV. The optimized voltammetric method was validated by assessing the analysis results of validation samples. Then the proposed method was applied for the quantitative determination of cefdinir in three different pharmaceutical preparations, namely film‐coated tablets, effervescent tablets and powder for oral suspension. It was concluded that the proposed voltammetric method was suitable for the quantitative analysis of commercial pharmaceutical preparations containing cefdinir.

Recent Developments in Voltammetric Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes

“…Additionally, the fact that PGEs can be exploited over a wide range of both negative and positive potentials extends the type and number of compounds that can be analyzed. The published studies proved that unmodified PGEs can successfully perform from −1.20 V [22] to +1.40 V vs. Ag/AgCl [23].…”

“…Meanwhile, the science called chemometrics developed powerful mathematical tools suitable for the optimization of rather complex (electro)analytical procedures or other types of chemical processes. For example, in the case of the cefdinir SWV determination for a bare PGE, a chemometric strategy was employed to select the optimum values of the supporting electrolyte pH, and the frequency and amplitude of the square wave [23].…”

“…Although the problems solved by computational chemistry and chemometrics are different, one can also find situations where they contribute symbiotically to the development of robust procedures of pharmaceutical electroanalysis [121], as discussed at the end of this section. Subsequently, this section states briefly the problems solved in the reviewed articles either by chemometrics [23,88,106,107,121,122,129,142,143,153] or computational chemistry [48][49][50]86,106,107,114,115,117,121,122].…”

Current Trends in Analytical Methods for the Determination of Hydroxychloroquine and Its Application as Treatment for COVID‐19

“…The application of electrochemical techniques in the analysis of drugs and pharmaceutical products either in biological medium has increased considerably in recent years (Table 1). [33–68] The renewed interest in electrochemical techniques can be attributed in part to more sophisticated instrumentation and increased understanding of the technique themselves. The application of different electrochemical modes in the analysis of drugs and pharmaceuticals are available for the quantification of drugs.…”