A New Approach to Obtain Alternative Active Building Blocks Realizations based on their Ideal Representations

Generation of CCII and ICCII based Wien oscillators using nodal admittance matrix expansion

“…Other passive elements like resistors are combined with nullators and norators in order to obtain the nullor representation of the CCII + [7]. In order to avoid the use of passive elements in the nullor representation of any building block, additional pathological elements called mirror elements were introduced in [15,16] to describe the voltage and current Contents lists available at ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.de/aeue reversing actions. The voltage mirror (VM) is a lossless two-port network element used to represent an ideal voltage reversing action and it is described by…”

Generation of current conveyor based oscillators using nodal admittance matrix expansion

“…In order to avoid the use of passive elements in the nullor representation of any building block, additional pathological elements called mirror elements shown in Fig. 1(c) and (d) were introduced in [26][27][28] to describe the voltage and current reversing actions. The voltage mirror (VM), shown in Fig.…”

Rearrangement of mirror elements

“…combination of a nullator and a norator, is widely used to represent active elements [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The symbols and definitions of nullor and mirror pathological elements are shown in Table 1.…”

“…These two pathological elements are basically used to represent active elements with current or voltage reversing properties and they are helpful for obtaining the adjoint network of a circuit [11,12]. Several characteristics of the new mirror elements are further investigated in the literature [13], including some nullor-mirror equivalences.…”