A New Apparatus for the Isolation and Cultivation of Anaerobic Micro-Organ Isms.

McIntosh, James; Fildes, Paul; Bulloch, William

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)11835-0

Cited by 53 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The media used were MacConkey's Bile Salt Lactose Agar and blood agar prepared by adding oxalated human blood to melted agar at 450 C. Some of the powder was placed in a culture tube which contained a small piece of human muscle in glucose broth, and incubated anaerobically at 370 C. for three days in Macintosh and Fildes (1916) anaerobic tin. Another portion of the powder was placed in peptone water and incubated aerobically at 370 C. This culture was used to corroborate results obtained by other methods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Haemolytic Organisms of Normal Infants' Faeces

Todd

1922

J. Hyg.

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Read as Thesis for M.D. Degree, Cambridge. (1886) show that micro-organisms first appear in the meconium three to seven hours after birth, the subsequent bacterial invasion being progressive up to the third day when it reaches its climax. Escherich isolated 17 varieties of bacilli and cocci, but the principal organisms present at this period were streptococci, B. coli and organisms resembling B. Welchii. After the third day B. bifidus (Tissier) and B. acidophilus (Moro) appeared and became the predominant organisms in the faeces of breast-fed infants. Tissier (1900), working with two-hourly samples from the rectum, found that bacteria first appeared in the meconium 10 to 12 hours after birth. Sittler (1909) states that the meconium becomes infected about 12 hours after the birth of the child, the first organism to appear being enterococcus followed by B. coli and later by B. Welchii. He found that after the third day B. bifidus and B. acidophilus were the principal organisms in the faeces of breast-fed infants and he sometimes obtained an almost pure culture of B. bifidus from infants of this age. Noguchi (1910) states that B. bifidus is " an anaerobic phase of life of an aerobic sporogenous organism belonging to the subtiloid group," and he succeeded in transforming the anaerobic B. bifidus into an aerobic spored form which he finally again converted to the anaerobic unspored typical form of B. bifidus. Passini (1911) found that the age at which bacterial invasion of the intestinal tract occurred was largely dependent on the hygienic surroundings of the infant. THE researches of EscherichThe present investigation was undertaken primarily to determine the frequency with which haemolytic strains of streptococci and B. coli occur in normal infants' faeces. The biochemical reactions of all the strains of streptococci which were isolated were also investigated and some observations were made on the occurrence of anaerobic organisms. The infants from whom faeces were obtained were all under one year of age, and at the time when the stools were taken they were in good health, their motions being of normal consistency and appearance. One hundred and one specimens from ninety-one children were examined. The ages of the babies are shown in the following table.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Haemolytic Organisms of Normal Infants' Faeces

Todd

1922

J. Hyg.

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“…By the 1960s, anaerobic bacteria had been recognized as the predominant microbial component of the gastro-intestinal tract (including oral cavity) associated flora of human and mammals (Rosebury, 1962). During the process of bacterial cultivation, researchers realized that the majority of these anaerobic bacteria cannot be cultivated aerobically, or with the conventional anaerobic cultivation technique, such as, anaerobic culture tube introduced by Laidlaw (Laidlaw, 1915), the vacuum jar designed by Noguchi (Noguchi, 1911), and the anaerobic container-the "McIntosh bomb" developed by McIntosh and Fildes (McIntosh and Fildes, 1916). The introduction of anaerobic glove boxes-a primitive version of now widely used anaerobic chamber, by Socransky (Socransky et al, 1959) and Rosebury et al (Rosebury and Reynolds, 1964) in the 1960s greatly facilitated the isolation and cultivation of anaerobes, particularly those obligate (strict) anaerobic microorganisms, from human oral cavity.…”

Section: Genetic Studies Of Bacterial Isolates From Dental Plaquementioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiology: Past, Present and Future

Shi

2009

Int J Oral Sci

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Xue-song He, Wen-yuan Shi. Oral Microbiology: Past, Present and Future. International Journal of Oral Science, 1(2): 47-58, 2009Since the initial observations of oral bacteria within dental plaque by van Leeuwenhoek using his primitive microscopes in 1680, an event that is generally recognized as the advent of oral microbiological investigation, oral microbiology has gone through phases of "reductionism" and "holism". From the small beginnings of the Miller and Black period, in which microbiologists followed Koch's postulates, took the reductionist approach to try to study the complex oral microbial community by analyzing individual species; to the modern era when oral researchers embrace "holism" or "system thinking", adopt new concepts such as interspecies interaction, microbial community, biofilms, poly-microbial diseases, oral microbiological knowledge has burgeoned and our ability to identify the resident organisms in dental plaque and decipher the interactions between key components has rapidly increased, such knowledge has greatly changed our view of the oral microbial flora, provided invaluable insight into the etiology of dental and periodontal diseases, opened the door to new approaches and techniques for developing new therapeutic and preventive tools for combating oral polymicrobial diseases.

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“…McIntosh and Fildes (1916) invented the anaerobic jar, which enabled agar plating and manipulation of anaerobes as well as the isolation of single colonies. In the wars of the early-to-mid 1900s, the frequent occurrence of serious anaerobic infections prompted the isolation, identification, and study of pathogenesis of many anaerobes, mainly using the anaerobic jar.…”

Section: Historical Background Of the Pathogenic Clostridiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium botulinumandClostridium tetani

Johnson

2010

Topley &Amp; Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections

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A New Apparatus for the Isolation and Cultivation of Anaerobic Micro-Organ Isms.

Cited by 53 publications

References 1 publication

The Haemolytic Organisms of Normal Infants' Faeces

The Haemolytic Organisms of Normal Infants' Faeces

Oral Microbiology: Past, Present and Future

Clostridium botulinumandClostridium tetani

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