A New Animal Model for the Study of Chlamydia trachomatis Genital Infections: Infection of Mice with the Agent of Mouse Pneumonitis

Barron, Almen L.; White, Harold J.; Rank, Roger G.; Soloff, Bernard L.; Moses, Estelle B.

doi:10.1093/infdis/143.1.63

Cited by 117 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Further, different human isolates do not have equal abilities to produce salpingitis in mice, implying a genetic component to the infectivity of these isolates. Intravaginal inoculation of mice with the agent of mouse pneumonitis (MoPn; a C. trachomatis biovar) results in cervical infection, and chlamydial inclusions are found in superficial cervical epithelial cells (Barron et al, 1981). Recently it has been shown that inoculation directly into the ovarian bursa of these mice consistently results in salpingitis (Swenson et al, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis infection of human fallopian tube organ cultures

Cooper

Rapp²,

Jeffery-Wiseman³

et al. 1990

Journal of General Microbiology

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The pathogenic events that precede Chlamydia trachomatis salpingitis in the human fallopian tube have not been fully described. We used a model of human fallopian tubes in organ culture (HFTOC) infected with strain E/UW-5/CX of C. trachomatis to study these events. The model supported sustained C. trachomatis infection as demonstrated by recovery of viable C. trachomatis from medium and tissue over 5-7 d. However, the level of infectivity was low. Maximal infection occurred at 72 h after initial inoculation. In contrast to gonococcal infection of the HFTOC, C. trachomatis did not damage overall ciliary function of HFTOC. However, a local direct cytotoxic effect characterized by loss of microvilli and disruption of cell junctions was noted when multiple chlamydial elementary bodies attached to mucosal cells. Beginning at 24 h, and continuing throughout the course of C. trachomatis infection of HFTOC, ruptured epithelial cells releasing elementary bodies were noted. Chlamydia1 inclusions were seen in the mucosa by 72 h in -6% of both ciliated and nonciliated epithelial cells. Mucosal inclusions contained all forms of the C. trachomatis developmental cycle. These data suggest that factors present in the human fallopian tube may limit susceptibility to chlamydial infection but support the use of the HFTOC model in the study of the pathogenesis of C. trachomatis salpingitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis infection of human fallopian tube organ cultures

Cooper

Rapp²,

Jeffery-Wiseman³

et al. 1990

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…Moreover, there are many well-characterized inbred and knockout mouse strains available (18). The female mouse genital tract is susceptible to infection with both Chlamydia muridarum (9) and C. trachomatis (10), which has resulted in the establishment of two murine models: the C. trachomatis mouse model and the C. muridarum mouse model.…”

Section: Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models for Studying Female Genital Tract Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis

2013

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Chlamydia trachomatis is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen. It is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the world, with more than 100 million new cases of genital tract infections with C. trachomatis occurring each year. Animal models are indispensable for the study of C. trachomatis infections and the development and evaluation of candidate vaccines. In this paper, the most commonly used animal models to study female genital tract infections with C. trachomatis will be reviewed, namely, the mouse, guinea pig, and nonhuman primate models. Additionally, we will focus on the more recently developed pig model. Chlamydia trachomatis, a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted disease. World Health Organization values for 2008 estimated an annual increase of over 100 million genital tract infections with C. trachomatis worldwide (1). The incidence of cases is increasing in many countries (1, 2). Genital tract infections with C. trachomatis can cause cervicitis in women and urethritis in men. However, these infections remain largely subclinical in approximately 70% of women and 50% of men and consequently are often not detected (3). Untreated infections may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal scarring, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain in women, epididymitis in men, and infant pneumonia in children (4-7). Uncomplicated chlamydial infections can be treated easily with antibiotics, but once infection and pathology are established, treatment may be less effective. Asymptomatic individuals can be identified through screening programs, but this approach is likely to be too costly for developing countries. A vaccination program would be much cheaper and have a greater impact in controlling C. trachomatis infections worldwide. Computer modeling suggests that even a partially efficacious chlamydial vaccination program would rapidly reduce the prevalence of genital infection (8). Animal models are indispensable for the study of C. trachomatis infections and the development and evaluation of candidate vaccines. Various animal models have been developed, including mouse (9, 10), guinea pig (11, 12), nonhuman primate (13,14), pig (15), rat (16), and rabbit (17) models. Here, the most commonly used animal models to study female genital tract infections with C. trachomatis will be reviewed, namely, the mouse, guinea pig, and nonhuman primate models. Additionally, we will focus on the more recently developed pig model. MOUSE MODELSMice are the most commonly used animals to study genital chlamydial infections. The advantages of the mouse model are their small size, ease of handling, availability in sufficient amounts, and low cost. Moreover, there are many well-characterized inbred and knockout mouse strains available (18). The female mouse genital tract is susceptible to infection with both Chlamydia muridarum (9) and C. trachomatis (10), which has resulted in the establishment of two murine mod...

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“…Another commonly used mouse model of Chlamydia infection is to inoculate female mice in the vaginal vault with the species Chlamydia muridarum, often designated as the mouse pneumonitis agent MoPn. Although C. muridarum is not a human pathogen, genital infection of mice with C. muridarum phenotypically mimics many aspects of C. trachomatis genital infection in humans (Barron et al, 1981;Everett et al, 1999). Interestingly, C. muridarum is largely resistant to the inhibitory effects of IFN-g in both murine cell lines and in vivo mouse models (Rottenberg et al, 2002;Nelson et al, 2005).…”

Section: Innate Immunity To C Trachomatismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-mediated control of Chlamydia infection

Roan

Starnbach²

2007

Cell Microbiol

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SummaryInfection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis can lead to a variety of diseases, including ectopic pregnancy, infertility and blindness. Exposure of the host to C. trachomatis stimulates multiple innate and adaptive immune effectors that can contribute towards controlling bacterial replication. However, these effectors are often insufficient to resolve the infection and prevent re-infection, and the continued presence of C. trachomatis within the host may induce immune effectors to chronically produce inflammatory cytokines. This may eventually lead to the tissue pathologies associated with the infection. Reducing the incidence and sequelae of infection will ultimately require the development of a C. trachomatis vaccine that can stimulate sterilizing immunity while avoiding immune-mediated pathology.

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A New Animal Model for the Study of Chlamydia trachomatis Genital Infections: Infection of Mice with the Agent of Mouse Pneumonitis

Cited by 117 publications

References 12 publications

Chlamydia trachomatis infection of human fallopian tube organ cultures

Chlamydia trachomatis infection of human fallopian tube organ cultures

Animal Models for Studying Female Genital Tract Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis

Immune-mediated control of Chlamydia infection

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