A New and Fast-Response Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring Hypochlorous Acid Derived from Myeloperoxidase

Abstract

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has been implicated in numerous pathologies associated with an inflammatory component, but its selective and sensitive detection in biological settings remains a challenge. In this report, imaging of HOCl was realized with a thiomorpholine-based probe as derivative of nitrobenzothiadiazole (NBD-S-TM). The fluorescence is based on photoinduced electron transfer by using nitrobenzothiadiazole core as a donor and thiomorpholine substituent as an acceptor. NBD-S-TM showed high sensitivity and a fast response to HOCl k = (2.6 ± 0.2) × 107 M−1s−1 with a 1:1 stoichiometry. The detection limit for HOCl was determined to be 60 nM. Furthermore, the desirable features of NBD-S-TM for the detection of HOCl in aqueous solutions, such as its reliability at physiological pH, rapid fluorescence response, and biocompatibility, enabled its application in the detection of HOCl in myeloperoxidase enzymatic system. Moreover, NBD-S-TM exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity for HOCl over other biologically relevant species, such as hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite. The fluorescent S-oxidized product (NBD-S-TSO) is only formed in the presence of HOCl. Probing with NBD-S-TM may be helpful to further the development of high throughput screening assays to monitor the activity of myeloperoxidase.