A New A-C Network Analyzer

Kuehni, H. P.; Lorraine, R. G.

doi:10.1109/t-aiee.1938.5057783

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…47 Several variations were introduced throughout the 1930s, all as a response to the evidently persistent need for ''longhand methods'', which were ''generally laborious -frequently, sufficiently laborious to greatly curtail the scope of the study and at times to prevent the study being made altogether''. 48 Amidst the Great Depression that offered an abundant supply of labor, the computing labor crisis persisted. General Electric's R. Slinger introduced another network analyzer variant because ''longhand calculations requires an infinite amount of patience and an almost prohibitive amount of time''.…”

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confidence: 99%

Perpetually Laborious: Computing Electric Power Transmission Before The Electronic Computer

Tympas¹

2003

Int Rev of Soc His

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Placing Thomas Edison at the beginning of a history on electric power transmission hardly needs justification. Thomas Edison's abundant supply of pictures of himself as an inventive genius – and America's pressing demand for a myth of an ingenious inventor – combined to bestow a “Eureka” moment upon Edison's pioneering Pearl Street (New York) Station electric lighting network. But the history of the laborious computations that took place at Menlo Park and the division-of-computing labor of which Edison took advantage suggests a different view of inventive genius. The story of the computational pyramid formed by the labors of Francis R. Upton, Charles L. Clarke, and Samuel D. Mott (1879–1880) can be reconstructed from the existing literature. In his reminiscences from Menlo Park, Edison's employee, Francis Jehl, detailed how Edison thought of constructing a miniaturized network to be used as a computer of the actual network. Knowing that constructing, maintaining, and using the miniature network required a considerable amount of skilled labor, Edison decided to hire an employee for it, Dr Herman Claudius. Edison enthusiastically welcomed Claudius to perform a type of computing work “requiring nerve and super abundance of patience and knowledge”. Jehl remembered that the labor of constructing a miniature network of conductors, “all in proportion, to show Mr Edison what he would have to install in New York City in connection with the Pearl Street Station” was “gigantic”. Following the pattern of the Pearl Street Station electric lighting network, several similar networks were built in the early 1880s. In response, Edison's labor pyramid was enlarged by giving Claudius an assistant, Hermann Lemp, who performed the monotonous task of constructing the new miniature networks, which Edison needed for computation. Inconvenient as it might be for those who assume that technological change is the product of inventive genius, electrification was, from the beginning, laboriously computed; it was not, like Athena, a deity that leapt from a godly head.

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confidence: 99%

Perpetually Laborious: Computing Electric Power Transmission Before The Electronic Computer

Tympas¹

2003

Int Rev of Soc His

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“…Prior to the emergence of digital computers, power flow or load flow 11 solutions were obtained using analogue devices known as network analyzers [34,35]. Network analyzers were limited in application to studying medium sized systems and were bulky, taking up a lot of space that increased with the complexity of the system [4,34,35]. In addition, obtaining power flow solutions utilising network analyzers were expensive and very slow, taking up to several hours for medium sized systems.…”

Section: Overview Of Power Flow Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Power System Analysis Incorporating Weather: Power Flow Analysis & Transient Stability Analysis

Ahmed¹

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Climate change, evolution of power systems into complex modern systems, and advancements in disruptive technologies (distributed generation and renewable energy systems) have brought about drastic changes and challenges in the power industry, which necessitate improvements in power system analysis (PSA) in order to more critically understand power systems. The overall goal of this thesis is to improve the current state of PSA by focusing on power flow analysis (PFA) and transient stability analysis (TSA). Currently, power system studies are neglectful of the weather conditions. As a consequence, these have associated weather-dependent errors. The research presented in this thesis, therefore, addresses the important aspect of fully incorporating weather into power system studies with a focus on PFA and TSA, with the aim of improving the current state of PSA. The incorporation of weather into power system studies is performed in this thesis by the use of a nonlinear heat balance model of overhead conductors, which relates the weather condition and loading to the conductor temperature. Since the conductor temperature is related to its resistance, a change in temperature causes the network impedance of a power network to change and hence cause the power system states to change. This ultimately affects PFA and any subsequent analysis including TSA. Initially, an overview of the existing nonlinear heat balance models utilised in the industry is presented. Then, based on the selection of a suitable heat balance model well suited for this thesis, an investigation of the important and likely impact of individual weather parameters on conductor temperature is carried out for a New Zealand (NZ) case study. For this, a sensitivity framework is derived that is utilised to analyse the sensitivity of conductor temperature to pairs of weather conditions in NZ. As a result, the weather parameters that strongly affect the conductor temperature in NZ are identified. The derived sensitivity framework serves as a tool for studying the various impacts of weather parameters on different conductors around the world that could be used to improve power system planning, operation, and analysis of utilities. This thesis improves PFA, which is the foundation of most power system studies, by proposing and deriving two novel power flow algorithms i.e. the weather-dependent power flow (WDPF) and the time and weather-dependent power flow (TWDPF) algorithm in both complex polar and complex rectangular formulations. These algorithms incorporate the effect of weather by integrating the nonlinear heat balance model of conductors. A key distinction of the proposed algorithms is their ability to consider commonly available measured weather parameters to perform a fully-coupled weather-dependent PFA. The algorithmic differences and advantages of the proposed algorithms are also discussed in comparison to existing techniques. Extensive simulations of the IEEE 30-bus power network utilising the WDPF and TWDPF algorithms in comparison with the traditional PF is undertaken in this thesis to highlight the accuracy and advantages of the proposed algorithms. Significant differences in power system states, power losses, conductor loadings, and conductor temperatures are observed. Also, the computational complexity of the algorithms is investigated by simulating a wide range of networks. In addition to contributing to the improvements in PFA, an approach to perform weather-dependent TSA of single-machine infinite-bus (SMIB) system and multi-machine systems is also presented in this thesis. Therefore, this thesis also improves TSA by demonstrating the impacts of weather on TSA. Comparisons are made with existing TSA to highlight the impacts and benefits of incorporating weather information into TSA.

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Network Analyzer Tests of Equivalent Circuits of Vibrating Polyatomic Molecules

Carter

Kron

1946

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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To illustrate the use of the equivalent circuits derived in the companion paper for vibrating polyatomic molecules, this paper describes network-analyzer tests of circuits for three successively more complicated molecules. The first is the symmetrical linear CO2 molecule; the second is the unsymmetrical linear OCS molecule; and the third is the unsymmetrical nonlinear CH3CH2OH molecule. In each case, starting from given constants of the molecular structure, the normal frequencies and modes are measured by means of the equivalent circuit. It is shown that for these cases the analyzer measurements agree satisfactorily with the known normal-frequency characteristics.

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A New A-C Network Analyzer

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Perpetually Laborious: Computing Electric Power Transmission Before The Electronic Computer

Perpetually Laborious: Computing Electric Power Transmission Before The Electronic Computer

Power System Analysis Incorporating Weather: Power Flow Analysis & Transient Stability Analysis

Network Analyzer Tests of Equivalent Circuits of Vibrating Polyatomic Molecules

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