A new 3D indoor/outdoor spatial model for indoor emergency response facilitation

Tashakkori, Hosna; Rajabifard, Abbas; Kalantari, Mohsen

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.036

Cited by 145 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…3D geo-data can be used in disaster management and emergency response because they may provide valuable information such as the location of building entry points [305,306]. In this context, 3D city models can be used to determine the best position for the deployment of the ladder trucks before the arrival of firefighters at the scene [307].…”

Section: Emergency Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Biljecki

Stoter

Ledoux

et al. 2015

IJGI

610

380

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In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains and for a large range of tasks beyond visualisation. In this paper, we seek to understand and document the state of the art regarding the utilisation of 3D city models across multiple domains based on a comprehensive literature study including hundreds of research papers, technical reports and online resources. A challenge in a study such as ours is that the ways in which 3D city models are used cannot be readily listed due to fuzziness, terminological ambiguity, unclear added-value of 3D geoinformation in some instances, and absence of technical information. To address this challenge, we delineate a hierarchical terminology (spatial operations, use cases, applications), and develop a theoretical reasoning to segment and categorise the diverse uses of 3D city models. Following this framework, we provide a list of identified use cases of 3D city models (with a description of each), and their applications. Our study demonstrates that 3D city models are employed in at least 29 use cases that are a part of more than 100 applications. The classified inventory could be useful for scientists as well as stakeholders in the geospatial industry, such as companies and national mapping agencies, as it may serve as a reference document to better position their operations, design product portfolios, and to better understand the market.

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Section: Emergency Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research efforts include the integration of indoor and outdoor routing for indoor emergency response facilitation [306].…”

Section: Routingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Biljecki

Stoter

Ledoux

et al. 2015

IJGI

610

380

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Nevertheless, semantics could be attached to it through an external database. Overall, for theoretical study purposes, CityGML is more often studied [51][52][53], while for practical purposes, multipatch is more often adopted [33,54,55].…”

Section: Formats For Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of the Integration of Geographic Information System and Building Information Modelling at the Data Level

Zhu

Wright

Wang

et al. 2018

IJGI

147

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“…The main concept behind a network-based model is to simplify the accessible space in a building into a corresponding network and consider the personnel in the scene as a flow of people moving at a certain speed in the network [13,15,[29][30][31]. The network consists of nodes and the edges between connected nodes, where each node represents the building units, such as rooms, and the length of each edge represents the average distance between two units.…”

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamic Indoor Field Model for Emergency Evacuation Simulation

Xiong

Zhu

et al. 2017

IJGI

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Indoor emergency response plays a critically important role in disaster management for cities, which must consider the evacuation of people in a dynamic indoor environment. The spatial model is the foundation for the specific analysis of indoor emergency responses, such as evacuations. The current spatial model for evacuation has three primary pitfalls: (1) it primarily focuses on static spatial information, such as rooms, doors, and windows, and lacks dynamic information, such as events and sensors; (2) it mainly focuses on the horizontal space and the static scene and lacks a multi-story component that considers the different properties of stairs compared to planar areas; and (3) it places emphasis on the indoor navigation calculation with a 2D/3D network, which lacks individual properties that can support more complicated analysis, such as congestion and stagnation. In this paper, we propose a dynamic indoor field model with three typical characteristics.(1) It includes not only static information but also dynamic information, such as outdoor and indoor building geometry, sensors, fire spread, and personnel behavior. (2) It supports multi-story buildings from the macro level (building level and floor level) to the micro level (room level and individual level) based on horizontal and vertical indoor space. (3) It supports spatial calculations based on a three-dimensional space grid and can analyze potential congestion and stagnation during evacuation. We design a corresponding evacuation method that supports individual evacuation route finding and evacuation assessment. We perform a series of analyses of the applicability of the proposed model and the efficiency of the designed evacuation method based on multi-story evacuation studies. The simulation includes a total evacuation population exceeding 7000 individuals, and the analysis suggests that the new model and algorithm are effective in planning indoor emergency routes that avoid potential congestion or stagnation.

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A new 3D indoor/outdoor spatial model for indoor emergency response facilitation

Cited by 145 publications

References 29 publications

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

A Critical Review of the Integration of Geographic Information System and Building Information Modelling at the Data Level

A Dynamic Indoor Field Model for Emergency Evacuation Simulation

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