A Neural Model of Attention and Feedback for Computing Perceived Brightness in Vision

Bakshi, Ashish; Ghosh, Kuntal

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811318-9.00026-0

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…That is, a neuron stimulated by a spatially uniform stimulus is also inhibited by its surrounding interneurons, thus suppressing its response. By contrast, a neuron subjected to a spatially varying stimulus is less inhibited by its neighbors that are not excited, thus producing stronger response (Bakshi and Ghosh, 2017).…”

Section: Cerebellar Interneurons Functional Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Neuron Properties and Complex Network Dynamics in the Cerebellar Cortical Inhibitory Circuit

Prestori

Mapelli

D’Angelo

2019

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Neuronal inhibition can be defined as a spatiotemporal restriction or suppression of local microcircuit activity. The importance of inhibition relies in its fundamental role in shaping signal processing in single neurons and neuronal circuits. In this context, the activity of inhibitory interneurons proved the key to endow networks with complex computational and dynamic properties. In the last 50 years, the prevailing view on the functional role of cerebellar cortical inhibitory circuits was that excitatory and inhibitory inputs sum spatially and temporally in order to determine the motor output through Purkinje cells (PCs). Consequently, cerebellar inhibition has traditionally been conceived in terms of restricting or blocking excitation. This assumption has been challenged, in particular in the cerebellar cortex where all neurons except granule cells (and unipolar brush cells in specific lobules) are inhibitory and fire spontaneously at high rates. Recently, a combination of electrophysiological recordings in vitro and in vivo, imaging, optogenetics and computational modeling, has revealed that inhibitory interneurons play a much more complex role in regulating cerebellar microcircuit functions: inhibition shapes neuronal response dynamics in the whole circuit and eventually regulate the PC output. This review elaborates current knowledge on cerebellar inhibitory interneurons [Golgi cells, Lugaro cells (LCs), basket cells (BCs) and stellate cells (SCs)], starting from their ontogenesis and moving up to their morphological, physiological and plastic properties, and integrates this knowledge with that on the more renown granule cells and PCs. We will focus on the circuit loops in which these interneurons are involved and on the way they generate feed-forward, feedback and lateral inhibition along with complex spatio-temporal response dynamics. In this perspective, inhibitory interneurons emerge as the real controllers of cerebellar functioning.

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Section: Cerebellar Interneurons Functional Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Neuron Properties and Complex Network Dynamics in the Cerebellar Cortical Inhibitory Circuit

Prestori

Mapelli

D’Angelo

2019

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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“…The mechanism at the basis of this observed trait is probably an interplay of excitatory and inhibitory circuit activity between sensory and motor areas ( Manita et al, 2015 ). Moreover, this slower wave could be modeled by feedforward lateral inhibition, a process that is known to refine somatosensory information and helps to enhance discrimination between two different simultaneous stimulations ( Cree and Weimer, 2003 ; Bakshi and Ghosh, 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Two-Photon Voltage or Calcium Imaging and Multi-Channel Local Field Potential Recordings in Barrel Cortex of Awake and Anesthetized Mice

2021

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Neuronal population activity, both spontaneous and sensory-evoked, generates propagating waves in cortex. However, high spatiotemporal-resolution mapping of these waves is difficult as calcium imaging, the work horse of current imaging, does not reveal subthreshold activity. Here, we present a platform combining voltage or calcium two-photon imaging with multi-channel local field potential (LFP) recordings in different layers of the barrel cortex from anesthetized and awake head-restrained mice. A chronic cranial window with access port allows injecting a viral vector expressing GCaMP6f or the voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) ANNINE-6plus, as well as entering the brain with a multi-channel neural probe. We present both average spontaneous activity and average evoked signals in response to multi-whisker air-puff stimulations. Time domain analysis shows the dependence of the evoked responses on the cortical layer and on the state of the animal, here separated into anesthetized, awake but resting, and running. The simultaneous data acquisition allows to compare the average membrane depolarization measured with ANNINE-6plus with the amplitude and shape of the LFP recordings. The calcium imaging data connects these data sets to the large existing database of this important second messenger. Interestingly, in the calcium imaging data, we found a few cells which showed a decrease in calcium concentration in response to vibrissa stimulation in awake mice. This system offers a multimodal technique to study the spatiotemporal dynamics of neuronal signals through a 3D architecture in vivo. It will provide novel insights on sensory coding, closing the gap between electrical and optical recordings.

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“…While this perceptual analysis provides rapid solutions for practical application, they can also be used for creating illusions of colors and their brightness. , Therefore, finding a consensus for fine color variation is difficult. People therefore rely on instrumentation to quantify the incident light and mathematically transform the spectral intensities into an empirical visual function.…”

Section: Understanding the Concept Of Color Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Color Intelligence: Effect of Materials, Instruments, and Measurement Techniques – A Review

et al. 2023

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Transparent polymers and plastics are used to create molded parts and films for many applications. The colors of these products are of great importance for the suppliers, manufacturers, and end-users. However, for simplicity of the processing, the plastics are produced in the form of small pellets or granules. The predictive measurement of the color of such materials is a challenging process and needs consideration of a complex set of factors. A combination of color measurement systems in transmittance and reflectance modes need to be used for such materials, along with the techniques for minimizing the artifacts based on surface texture and particle sizes. This article provides an extensive overview and discussion of the various factors that can affect the perceptive colors and the methods used for the characterization of the colors and minimizing the measuring artifacts.

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A Neural Model of Attention and Feedback for Computing Perceived Brightness in Vision

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Diverse Neuron Properties and Complex Network Dynamics in the Cerebellar Cortical Inhibitory Circuit

Diverse Neuron Properties and Complex Network Dynamics in the Cerebellar Cortical Inhibitory Circuit

Simultaneous Two-Photon Voltage or Calcium Imaging and Multi-Channel Local Field Potential Recordings in Barrel Cortex of Awake and Anesthetized Mice

Polymer Color Intelligence: Effect of Materials, Instruments, and Measurement Techniques – A Review

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