Simultaneous Two-Photon Voltage or Calcium Imaging and Multi-Channel Local Field Potential Recordings in Barrel Cortex of Awake and Anesthetized Mice

Cecchetto, Cinzia; Vassanelli, Stefano; Kühn, Bernd

doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.741279

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…The lower noise levels due to the influence of isoflurane seemed to increase the SNR of the neural recordings in this study, which is useful to distinguish single units, especially those of smaller amplitude. The increased noise in awake recordings may be due to biological noise associated with a greater degree of neural activity under the awake state [ 27 , 28 ]. A study with mice implanted with silicon-based ATLAS Neuroengineering probes compared electrophysiological recordings from anesthetized (1% isoflurane), awake but resting, and running states of the animal, and found that running mode exhibited the highest level of noise as compared to the other two states [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased noise in awake recordings may be due to biological noise associated with a greater degree of neural activity under the awake state [ 27 , 28 ]. A study with mice implanted with silicon-based ATLAS Neuroengineering probes compared electrophysiological recordings from anesthetized (1% isoflurane), awake but resting, and running states of the animal, and found that running mode exhibited the highest level of noise as compared to the other two states [ 27 ]. Michelson et al [ 29 ] utilized a planar, silicon-based, 16-channel microelectrode array, similar to our study, to compare the effect of isoflurane and ketamine on electrophysiology from awake or anesthetized mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Active Electrode Yield for Intracortical Arrays: Awake versus Anesthesia

et al. 2022

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Intracortical microelectrode arrays are used for recording neural signals at single-unit resolution and are promising tools for studying brain function and developing neuroprosthetics. Research is being done to increase the chronic performance and reliability of these probes, which tend to decrease or fail within several months of implantation. Although recording paradigms vary, studies focused on assessing the reliability and performance of these devices often perform recordings under anesthesia. However, anesthetics—such as isoflurane—are known to alter neural activity and electrophysiologic function. Therefore, we compared the neural recording performance under anesthesia (2% isoflurane) followed by awake conditions for probes implanted in the motor cortex of both male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. While the single-unit spike rate was significantly higher by almost 600% under awake compared to anesthetized conditions, we found no difference in the active electrode yield between the two conditions two weeks after surgery. Additionally, the signal-to-noise ratio was greater under anesthesia due to the noise levels being nearly 50% greater in awake recordings, even though there was a 14% increase in the peak-to-peak voltage of distinguished single units when awake. We observe that these findings are similar for chronic time points as well. Our observations indicate that either anesthetized or awake recordings are acceptable for studies assessing the chronic reliability and performance of intracortical microelectrode arrays.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Active Electrode Yield for Intracortical Arrays: Awake versus Anesthesia

et al. 2022

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“…Electrical recordings were not performed simultaneously with imaging in this study. Recently, however Cecchetto [52] confirmed the possibility of using the two techniques simultaneously with highly reduced optical noise and no photo-induced interferences in the electrical recordings.…”

Section: In Vivo Extracellular Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

jULIEs: nanostructured polytrodes for low traumatic extracellular recordings and stimulation in the mammalian brain

et al. 2022

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Objective Extracellular microelectrode techniques are the most widely used approach to interrogate neuronal populations. Regardless of the manufacturing method, damage to the vasculature and circuit function during probe insertion remains a concern. Reducing the footprint of the penetrating probes is a potential solution to this issue. However, coupling to the extracellular signals requires careful surface engineering. Approach Here, we show that continuously drawn SiO2-insulated ultra-microelectrode fibres offer an attractive substrate to address these challenges. Individual fibres can be fabricated to >10m continuous stretches and a selection of diameters below 30 µm with a low resistance (<100 Ω/m), continuous metal core of <10 µm and atomically flat smooth shank surfaces. To optimize the properties of the miniaturised electrode-tissue interface, we electrodeposit rough Au structures followed by ~20nm IrOx film by electrodeposition resulting in reduction of the interfacial impedance to <500kΩ at 1 kHz. Main results We demonstrate that these ultra-low impedance electrodes (jULIEs) can record and stimulate single and multi-unit activity with minimal tissue disturbance and exceptional signal-to-noise ratio in both superficial (~40µm) and deep (~6mm) structures of the mouse brain. We further show that sensor modifications are stable and probe manufacturing is reproducible. Significance Minimally perturbing bidirectional neural interfacing can reveal circuit function in the mammalian brain in vivo.

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“…Similarly, most studies of the effect of cocaine on cerebral blood flow in laboratory animals have been performed under anesthesia, which could affect the physiological responses to cocaine 30 , 32 . Thus, neuroimaging studies have started to image awake animals 2 , 30 , 33 – 35 , which is challenging due to motion artifacts that can jeopardize the performance of high-resolution image acquisition, especially for Doppler-based flow imaging techniques such as 3D µOCA/µODT 36 – 38 . To tackle the challenges, here we optimize a flow imaging platform (e.g., µODT setup, mobile cage, cranial window) that incorporate self-supervised deep-learning methods to effectively reduce motion artifacts from awake-behaving mice, and compare the differences of 3D microvasculature (µOCA) and quantitative CBFv networks (µODT) in the sensorimotor cortex in awake vs. anesthetized states (e.g., isoflurane, dexmedetomidine, ketamine).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic 3D imaging of cerebral blood flow in awake mice using self-supervised-learning-enhanced optical coherence Doppler tomography

et al. 2023

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Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is widely used to assess brain function. However, most preclinical CBF studies have been performed under anesthesia, which confounds findings. High spatiotemporal-resolution CBF imaging of awake animals is challenging due to motion artifacts and background noise, particularly for Doppler-based flow imaging. Here, we report ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence Doppler tomography (µODT) for 3D imaging of CBF velocity (CBFv) dynamics in awake mice by developing self-supervised deep-learning for effective image denoising and motion-artifact removal. We compare cortical CBFv in awake vs. anesthetized mice and their dynamic responses in arteriolar, venular and capillary networks to acute cocaine (1 mg/kg, i.v.), a highly addictive drug associated with neurovascular toxicity. Compared with awake, isoflurane (2-2.5%) induces vasodilation and increases CBFv within 2-4 min, whereas dexmedetomidine (0.025 mg/kg, i.p.) does not change vessel diameters nor flow. Acute cocaine decreases CBFv to the same extent in dexmedetomidine and awake states, whereas decreases are larger under isoflurane, suggesting that isoflurane-induced vasodilation might have facilitated detection of cocaine-induced vasoconstriction. Awake mice after chronic cocaine show severe vasoconstriction, CBFv decreases and vascular adaptations with extended diving arteriolar/venular vessels that prioritize blood supply to deeper cortical capillaries. The 3D imaging platform we present provides a powerful tool to study dynamic changes in vessel diameters and morphology alongside CBFv networks in the brain of awake animals that can advance our understanding of the effects of drugs and disease conditions (ischemia, tumors, wound healing).

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Simultaneous Two-Photon Voltage or Calcium Imaging and Multi-Channel Local Field Potential Recordings in Barrel Cortex of Awake and Anesthetized Mice

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Characterization of Active Electrode Yield for Intracortical Arrays: Awake versus Anesthesia

Characterization of Active Electrode Yield for Intracortical Arrays: Awake versus Anesthesia

jULIEs: nanostructured polytrodes for low traumatic extracellular recordings and stimulation in the mammalian brain

Dynamic 3D imaging of cerebral blood flow in awake mice using self-supervised-learning-enhanced optical coherence Doppler tomography

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