A nested PCR for detection of North American isolates of bluetongue virus based on NS1 genome sequence analysis of BTV-17

Aradaib, Imadeldin E.; Schore, C. E.; Cullor, James S; Osburn, Bennie

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(97)00176-4

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, in areas of endemicity, as in the case of the Sudan, overt clinical disease has never been reported among naturally infected cattle [6,8,11,26-29]. Bluetongue infection constitutes one of the major unresolved veterinary problems in certain breeds of sheep and in North American white-tailed deer [12,30]. Very little information is available about the epidemiology of BTV in the Middle East and East Central Africa including the Sudan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of bluetongue virus antibodies and associated risk factors among cattle in East Darfur State, Western Sudan

et al. 2014

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BackgroundBluetongue virus (BTV) is an insect-transmitted virus, which causes bluetongue disease (BT) in sheep and a fatal hemorrhagic infection in North American white-tailed deer. However, in cattle the disease is typically asymptomatic and no overt clinical signs of disease appear to be associated with BTV infection. Serological evidence and isolation of different BTV serotypes have been reported in Sudan, however, no information is currently available in regard to previous exposure of Sudanese livestock to BTV infection in East Darfur State, Sudan.AimsTo determine the prevalence of BTV antibodies and to identify the potential risk factors associated with BTV infection among cattle in East Darfur State, Sudan.MethodsA total of 224 blood samples were collected randomly from five localities in East Darfur State, Sudan. The serum samples were screened for detection of BTV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA).ResultsSerological evidence of BTV infection was observed in 150 out of 224 animals accounting for a 67% prevalence rate among cattle in East Darfur State. Older cattle (>2 years of age) were six times more likely to be infected with BTV (OR = 6.62, CI = 2.87-15.26, p-value = 0.01). Regarding animal source (contact with other herds) as a risk factor, it was shown that cattle purchased from market or introduced from other herds were 3 times at higher risk of being infected with BTV (OR = 3.87, CI = 1.07-13.87, p value = 0.03). Exposure of cattle to the insect vector increased the risk of contracting BTV infection by six times compared to non-exposed cattle (OR = 6.44, CI = 1.53-27.08, p value = 0.01).ConclusionThe present study indicated that age, animal source and the intensity of the insect vector are influential risk factors for BTV infection in cattle in the Darfur region. Surveillance for BTV infection should be extended to include other susceptible ruminants and to study the distribution of the insect vectors to better predict and respond to a possible BTV outbreak in the State of East Darfur, Sudan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of bluetongue virus antibodies and associated risk factors among cattle in East Darfur State, Western Sudan

et al. 2014

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“…At this age, the animals are usually released into the pasture for grazing, where they are likely to be exposed to infection by vectors and subsequent BTV infection. Young age groups are usually kept indoors and are well taken care of by the owners from contracting infectious diseases, particularly the insect and tick-borne infections [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bluetongue disease in small ruminants in south western Ethiopia: cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveThe status of bluetongue disease, vectors for transmission of the disease and the serotypes involved are not clearly known in Ethiopia. This sero-epidemiological study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bluetongue in small ruminants of South Western Ethiopia.Result422 serum samples were screened for the presence of bluetongue virus (BTV) specific antibodies using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) and 30.6% (129/422) (confidence interval CI 26.2–35%) of the sheep and goat serum samples were found positive. Multivariate analysis of several risk factors like age, sex, altitude, body condition and species of animals were studied and it was observed that species of animals, age and altitude had significant influence (P < 0.05) on seropositivity to BTV. Goats showed more seropositivity to bluetongue as compared to sheep [AOR = 2.4, 95% CI (1.5–3.9), P = 0.001], adult animals were more seropositive [AOR = 3.1, 95% CI (1.9–5.1), P = 0.001] than other age groups and animals at the lowland [AOR = 3.1, 95% CI (1.5–6.4), P = 0.002] showed more seropositivity to bluetongue than midland and high land. Sex and body condition of the animals had no statistically significant (P > 0.05) effect on seropositivity to bluetongue.

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“…For these reasons, the latter have become the method of choice for BTV detection. Several reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods have previously been described, [1][2][3][4]10,15,17,33 and the BTV segment 5 (encoding the NS1 protein) is the most commonly targeted gene due its high degree of conservation across BTV serogroups (segment 10 has also been used). Current RT-PCR methods for BTV detection are rapid and show satisfactory sensitivity and specificity; however, this methodology is not well suited to highthroughput analysis, limiting its use in large-scale epidemiological surveillance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Throughput Detection of Bluetongue Virus by a New Real-Time Fluorogenic Reverse Transcription—Polymerase Chain Reaction: Application on Clinical Samples from Current Mediterranean Outbreaks

Jiménez‐Clavero¹,

Agüero²,

Miguel³

et al. 2006

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract.A real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed for the detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) in blood samples. A combination of primers specific for a highly conserved region in RNA segment 5 (based on Mediterranean BTV sequences) and a DNA probe bound to 5Ј-Taq nuclease-3Ј minor groove binder (TaqMan᭧ MGB) was used to detect a range of isolates. This real-time RT-PCR assay could detect 5.4 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 tissue culture infectious doses (TCID 50 ) of virus per milliliter of sample, which was comparable to our current BTV diagnostic nested RT-PCR assay. The assay detected all recent Mediterranean isolates (including serotypes 2, 4, and 16), BTV vaccine strains for serotypes 2 and 4, and 15 out of the 24 BTV reference strains available (all serotypes), but did not detect the related orbiviruses epizootic hemorrhagic disease and African horse sickness viruses. Following assay evaluation, the ability of this assay to identify BTV in recent isolates (2003, 2004) from ovine and bovine samples from an epizootic outbreak in Spain was also tested. Minor nucleotide changes (detected by sequencing viral genomes) within the probebinding region were found to have a profound effect on virus detection. This assay has the benefits of being fast and simple, and the 96-well format enables large-scale epidemiological screening for BTV, especially when combined with a high-throughput nucleic acid extraction method.

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A nested PCR for detection of North American isolates of bluetongue virus based on NS1 genome sequence analysis of BTV-17

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Prevalence of bluetongue virus antibodies and associated risk factors among cattle in East Darfur State, Western Sudan

Prevalence of bluetongue virus antibodies and associated risk factors among cattle in East Darfur State, Western Sudan

Bluetongue disease in small ruminants in south western Ethiopia: cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study

High Throughput Detection of Bluetongue Virus by a New Real-Time Fluorogenic Reverse Transcription—Polymerase Chain Reaction: Application on Clinical Samples from Current Mediterranean Outbreaks

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