A Near-Range Radar Target Simulator for Automotive Radar Generating Targets of Vulnerable Road Users

Iberle, Johannes; Rippl, Patrick; Walter, Thomas

doi:10.1109/lmwc.2020.3030231

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Since the focus of this article is the DoA, the modulation frequency f mod will be dropped in the further analysis. For the calculation of f mod see [6], [7]. In order to derive the generation of a DoA for targets by tuning the amplitude A n and the modulation phase ϕ mod,n , the general influence of a DoA is of interest [18].…”

Section: B Receive Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Direction-of-Arrival Simulation for Automotive Radar Target Simulators

Schoeder¹,

Janoudi²,

Meinecke³

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Microw.

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In order to simulate realistic traffic scenarios, a radar target simulator must be able to generate multiple radar targets with different directions of arrival. The presented concept is able to generate an arbitrary amount of targets with individual directions of arrival for the radar under test. By measuring the radar channel, the novel approach enables target simulators to simulate arbitrary directions of arrival, while minimizing the required hardware. The optimum setup is derived for radars with a uniform linear receive antenna array. The compensation of placement errors for automotive chirp-sequence frequency modulated continuous wave radars is demonstrated. Finally, the calibration for the setup is provided, and the performance of the presented approach is validated.INDEX TERMS Automotive radar, chirp-sequence modulation, direction of arrival, FMCW radar, radar target simulator.This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination.

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Section: B Receive Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Direction-of-Arrival Simulation for Automotive Radar Target Simulators

Schoeder¹,

Janoudi²,

Meinecke³

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Microw.

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“…Delay lines emulate the radar signal travel through free space with mono mode optical fiber [19,20] or coaxial cable [21] with a length according to the target's range. SAW filters introduce a pre-defined group delay to the signal [22], whereas direct frequency mixing takes advantages of the linear frequency slope of automotive Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radars [23,24] and is, therefore, limited to this particular modulation scheme. The target's velocity is simulated in one of three ways.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The target's velocity is simulated in one of three ways. Either with a vector modulator that directly converts the signal's instantaneous frequency by a respective Doppler shift [25,26] with digitally controlled phase shifters [27] or by applying a frequency offset to the local oscillator for the up and down conversion [19]. The target's RCS is simulated by attenuating the signal with a variable gain amplifier (VGA).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radar Target Simulation for Vehicle-in-the-Loop Testing

Diewald

Kurz

Kannan³

et al. 2021

Vehicles

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Automotive radar sensors play a vital role in the current development of autonomous driving. Their ability to detect objects even under adverse conditions makes them indispensable for environment-sensing tasks in autonomous vehicles. As their functional operation must be validated in-place, a fully integrated test system is required. Radar Target Simulators (RTS) are capable of executing end-of-line, over-the-air validation tests by looping back a received and afterward modified radar signal and have been incorporated into existing Vehicle-in-the-Loop (ViL) test beds before. However, the currently available ViL test beds and the RTS systems that they consist of lack the ability to generate authentic radar echoes with respect to their complexity. The paper at hand reviews the current development stage of the research as well as commercial ViL and RTS systems. Furthermore, the concept and implementation of a new test setup for the rapid prototyping and validation of ADAS functions is presented. This represents the first-ever integrated radar validation test system to comprise multiple angle-resolved radar target channels, each capable of generating multiple radar echoes. A measurement campaign that supports this claim has been conducted.

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“…The advantage of modulating the transmit signal, compared to delaying it, is that the amount of unique targets with given range and velocity is not limited by the system architecture. While a true time delay has to be realized digitally or via a transmission line for each individual range, modulating the superposition of multiple individual monofrequent target signals does not increase the system complexity [9], [10]. Additionally, ranges that are closer to the radar than the simulator itself can be created, whereas a negative time delay is non-causal and therefore impossible to be realized by delay-based architectures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the required frequency of the modulating signal, the knowledge of the modulation parameters of the radar is needed, namely the slope of the frequency ramp S and the ramp repetition frequency 1/T C . Compared to [8]- [10], where the modulation parameters were regarded as known, the presented target simulator is independent of a priori information, as the modulation parameters are estimated based on the first transmitted frequency ramps. In section II, the system concept is introduced, afterwards in section III the parameter estimation process is described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multitarget Simulator for Automotive Radar Sensors With Unknown Chirp-Sequence Modulation

Schoeder¹,

Schweizer²,

Grathwohl³

et al. 2021

IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett.

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In order to test and verify radar based systems for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), radar target simulators offer a test environment for reproducible dynamic automotive scenarios. This article presents a system capable of generating multiple targets with individual ranges and velocities for chirp-sequence frequency modulated continuous waveform (CS-FMCW) radars. The novel approach allows to generate targets without prior knowledge about the radar sensor by estimating the radar's waveform parameters. The proposed simulator offers high flexibility at low costs by performing the estimation on undersampled data. Finally, an automotive scenario of a spacially extended target is simulated for a radar sensor with the proposed system.

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A Near-Range Radar Target Simulator for Automotive Radar Generating Targets of Vulnerable Road Users

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

Flexible Direction-of-Arrival Simulation for Automotive Radar Target Simulators

Flexible Direction-of-Arrival Simulation for Automotive Radar Target Simulators

Radar Target Simulation for Vehicle-in-the-Loop Testing

Multitarget Simulator for Automotive Radar Sensors With Unknown Chirp-Sequence Modulation

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