A near-infrared fluorescent probe reveals decreased mitochondrial polarity during mitophagy

Li, Xiaohua; Li, Xiaohua; Ma, Huimin

doi:10.1039/c9sc05505c

Cited by 111 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…Because of the inner microenvironmental differences ( e.g. , viscosity, pH, and polarity) between the mitochondria and autophagosomes, the detection of the mitochondrial microenvironment changes may be an efficient and practical method for real-time monitoring of the mitophagy process. − In particular, as a key indicator of microenvironments, mitochondrial viscosity is closely related to the mitochondrial respiratory state function by changing its own network organization, and the changes can regulate metabolite diffusion and further reflect the disease state of the body . Although many small molecular fluorescent probes have been developed for monitoring mitochondrial viscosity, − the reliable viscosity-sensitive probes that allow for tracking mitochondrial viscosity during mitophagy are rather scarce. , Yang and co-workers exploited a carbazole derivative as mitochondria-anchored molecular rotor (BMVC), revealing an increased viscosity in the mitochondria during mitophagy .…”

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confidence: 99%

Real-Time Monitoring Mitochondrial Viscosity during Mitophagy Using a Mitochondria-Immobilized Near-Infrared Aggregation-Induced Emission Probe

et al. 2021

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Mitophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis through the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria and recycling their constituents in a lysosome-degradative pathway, which leads to microenvironmental changes within mitochondria, such as the pH, viscosity, and polarity. However, most of the mitochondrial fluorescence viscosity probes only rely on electrostatic attraction and readily leak out from the mitochondria during mitophagy with a decreased membrane potential, thus easily leading to an inaccurate detection of viscosity changes. In this work, we report a mitochondria-immobilized NIR-emissive aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe CS-Py-BC, which allows for an off–on fluorescence response to viscosity, thus enabling the real-time monitoring viscosity variation during mitophagy. This system consists of a cyanostilbene skeleton as the AIE active core and viscosity-sensitive unit, a pyridinium cation for the mitochondria-targeting group, and a benzyl chloride subunit that induces mitochondrial immobilization. As the viscosity increased from 0.903 cP (0% glycerol) to 965 cP (99% glycerol), CS-Py-BC exhibited an about 92-fold increase in fluorescence intensity at 650 nm, which might be attributed to the restriction of rotation and inhibition of twisted intramolecular charge transfer in a high viscosity system. We also revealed that CS-Py-BC could be well immobilized onto mitochondria, regardless of the mitochondrial membrane potential fluctuation. Most importantly, using CS-Py-BC, we have successfully visualized the increased mitochondrial viscosity during starvation or rapamycin-induced mitophagy in real time. All these features render CS-Py-BC a promising candidate to investigate mitophagy-associated dynamic physiological and pathological processes.

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confidence: 99%

Real-Time Monitoring Mitochondrial Viscosity during Mitophagy Using a Mitochondria-Immobilized Near-Infrared Aggregation-Induced Emission Probe

et al. 2021

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“…7). 112 The fluorescence emission peaks of the probe HXPI-P were blue-shifted with the increase of the polarity of the medium. The fluorescence intensity ratios ( I 730nm / I 670nm ) versus the dielectric constant ( ε ) followed a Lorentzian function, which allowed probe HXPI-P to be used to quantify the polarity accurately.…”

Section: Nir Fluorescent Probes For Microenvironmentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Activity-based NIR fluorescent probes based on the versatile hemicyanine scaffold: design strategy, biomedical applications, and outlook

et al. 2022

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“…[ 49 ] To achieve the proposed tracking, starvation was used to induce autophagy. [ 50 ] HeLa cells were stained with DTPA‐MP‐CDs and TPE‐TPP‐CDs for 30 min then incubated in a serum‐free medium for 0, 2, and 6 h, respectively. As shown in Figure 5b, red signals from the lysosome hardly overlapped with the green signals from the mitochondria at the beginning.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailorable Membrane‐Penetrating Nanoplatform for Highly Efficient Organelle‐Specific Localization

Zhang

Wang

Feng

et al. 2021

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Given the breadth of currently arising opportunities and concerns associated with nanoparticles for biomedical imaging, various types of nanoparticles have been widely exploited, especially for cellular/subcellular level probing. However, most currently reported nanoparticles either have inefficient delivery into cells or lack specificity for intracellular destinations. The absence of well‐defined nanoplatforms remains a critical challenge hindering practical nano‐based bio‐imaging. Herein, the authors elaborate on a tailorable membrane‐penetrating nanoplatform as a carrier with encapsulated actives and decorated surfaces to tackle the above‐mentioned issues. The tunable contents in such a versatile nanoplatform offer huge flexibility to reach the expected properties and functions. Aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) is applied to achieve sought‐after photophysical properties, specific targeting moieties are installed to give high affinity towards different desired organelles, and critical grafting of cell‐penetrating cyclic disulfides (CPCDs) to promote cellular uptake efficiency without sacrificing the specificity. Hereafter, to validate its practicability, the tailored nano products are successfully applied to track the dynamic correlation between mitochondria and lysosomes during autophagy. The authors believe that the strategy and described materials can facilitate the development of functional nanomaterials for various life science applications.

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A near-infrared fluorescent probe reveals decreased mitochondrial polarity during mitophagy

Abstract: A near-infrared mitochondria-targeting fluorescent probe has been developed to monitor the mitophagy-specific polarity dynamics in living cells.

Cited by 111 publications

References 36 publications

Real-Time Monitoring Mitochondrial Viscosity during Mitophagy Using a Mitochondria-Immobilized Near-Infrared Aggregation-Induced Emission Probe

Real-Time Monitoring Mitochondrial Viscosity during Mitophagy Using a Mitochondria-Immobilized Near-Infrared Aggregation-Induced Emission Probe

Activity-based NIR fluorescent probes based on the versatile hemicyanine scaffold: design strategy, biomedical applications, and outlook

Tailorable Membrane‐Penetrating Nanoplatform for Highly Efficient Organelle‐Specific Localization

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