A narrative review: The electromagnetic field arrangement and the “braking” effect of electromagnetic brake (EMBr) technique in slab continuous casting

Li, Zhuang; Zhang, Lintao; Ma, Danzhu; Lavery, Nicholas; Wang, Engang

doi:10.1051/metal/2021016

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Li et al discussed the braking effect per magnetic field arrangement and showed the advantages and disadvantages for each type of EMBr unit. For the local type EMBr, it can be further divided into four main types: the first generation local type EMBr, upper jet-pattern EMBr, jet-pattern EMBr, and local vertical EMBr [ 7 ]. The first generation local type EMBr was used and simulated in our research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Electromagnetic Braking to Minimize a Surface Wave in a Continuous Caster

et al. 2023

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The turbulent flow in the mold region drastically influences the quality of steel produced during continuous casting. The flow itself can lead to surface defects or slag entrainment based on the formation. A high surface wave can lead to fluctuations and the instability compromises the quality of the steel produced, as well as entrain the slag. To regulate the flow, electromagnetic forces can be applied in the mold, dampening the local turbulent flow. As the electrically conductive molten steel interacts with the induced magnetic field, it reduces the velocity of the steel jet released from the ports of the submerged entry nozzle. Utilizing Star-CCM+, a simulation-based study is conducted modeling the impact of Electromagnetic braking (EMBr) on the flow formation and surface standing wave. Specifically, a parametric study is conducted investigating the impact of submergence entry nozzle (SEN) depth and mold width with applied EMBr. Per the simulation-based study conducted increasing the EMBr strength from 2975 G to 4350 G reduced the average surface wave height by 12.5% and volume of flux rate of decrease by 4.25%. Additionally, increasing the SEN depth from 110 mm to 350 mm increased the average wave height by 19% and volume of flux rate of decrease by 2.6%. Lastly, increasing the mold width from 1.067 m to 1.50 m increased average wave height by 8.71% and volume of flux rate of decrease by 0.9%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Electromagnetic Braking to Minimize a Surface Wave in a Continuous Caster

et al. 2023

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“…To optimize the transient flow inside the mold, electromagnetic brake (EMBr) appliance has been applied in slab continuous caster, especially at the high casting speed. [10][11][12] Up to now, EMBr has traditionally been classified into three typical types: local, single-ruler, and double-ruler (knows as FC-Mold). [13] Generally, EMBr is used to stabilize the fluctuation of the steel/slag interface [14,15] and alleviate the remelting of solidified shell at mold narrow face, [16,17] while this technique has recently been shown to improve asymmetric flow caused by slide-gate or SEN clogging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electromagnetic Brake on Transient Asymmetric Flow, Solidification, and Inclusion Transport in a Slab Continuous Casting

Zhong

Ren

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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A large eddy simulation model is developed to investigate the transient fluid flow, solidification, and inclusion transport in a slab continuous casting mold under different electromagnetic brake (EMBr) magnetic flux densities. The accuracy of the mathematical model is demonstrated by comparing the magnetic flux density and flow field to measured data. The results show that the flow field is transiently asymmetric and fluctuant without EMBr; the variation of the solidified shell and the distribution of captured inclusion are closely related to the flow pattern. EMBr can significantly alter the flow pattern inside the mold, improve the transient asymmetry of the flow field, and reduce the percentage of captured inclusions. When the upper magnetic field (B U) is not applied, the flow velocity at the upper region of the mold increases, which can promote inclusion removal from the top surface, whereas the solidified shell fluctuates visibly. When the magnitude of B U is increased, the flow near the meniscus is suppressed, the uniformity of solidified shell thickness is improved, and the rate of captured inclusions inside the solidified shell decreases, while the large B U would causes a stagnant flow field near the meniscus.

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“…The EMBr technology can solve the problem of turbulent flow of molten steel caused by a high casting speed. According to the different arrangement of the applied magnetic field, the forms of electromagnetic brake mainly include Local EMBr, EMBr ruler, FC mold, Vertical electromagnetic brake, and some new forms of electromagnetic brakes [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Processes 2021, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 13 magnetic brake mainly include Local EMBr, EMBr ruler, FC mold, Vertical electromagnetic brake, and some new forms of electromagnetic brakes [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric Flow Control in a Slab Mold through a New Type of Electromagnetic Field Arrangement

Bao

Zhang

et al. 2021

Processes

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This research aims to investigate the control effect of asymmetric flow in a slab mold using a novel magnetic field arrangement: freestanding adjustable combination electromagnetic brake (FAC-EMBr). Three scenarios (submerged entry nozzle moves to the narrow face, wide face of the slab mold, and rotates 10°) were studied using three-dimensional numerical simulation. The results show that the magnetic field generated by the FAC-EMBr system can effectively cover three key zones in mold and that the magnetic flux density in the zone cover by a vertical magnetic pole can be adjusted according to the actual flow condition. The FAC-EMBr can effectively improve the asymmetric flow in a mold and near the narrow surface caused by the asymmetric arrangement of the nozzle and can effectively inhibit the occurrence of the flow deviation phenomenon and stabilize the steel/slag interface fluctuation. At the same time, FAC-EMBr has obvious inhibition effects on the surface velocity and can optimize the asymmetric distribution of the surface velocity and the upper reflux velocity caused by the asymmetric arrangement of the nozzle. This study can provide theoretical evidence for the development and utilization of a new electromagnetic brake technology.

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A narrative review: The electromagnetic field arrangement and the “braking” effect of electromagnetic brake (EMBr) technique in slab continuous casting

Cited by 4 publications

References 57 publications

Application of Electromagnetic Braking to Minimize a Surface Wave in a Continuous Caster

Application of Electromagnetic Braking to Minimize a Surface Wave in a Continuous Caster

Effect of Electromagnetic Brake on Transient Asymmetric Flow, Solidification, and Inclusion Transport in a Slab Continuous Casting

Asymmetric Flow Control in a Slab Mold through a New Type of Electromagnetic Field Arrangement

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